Our weekly crypto derivatives analytics report delves into macro events, the current state of crypto and trading signals from spot trading volume, and futures, options and perpetual contracts.

December's end-of-year options expiration brought an unexpected drop as realized volatility fell to the lowest levels of the month. Perpetual swap open interest remained stable, indicating these markets weren't heavily used for hedging against expired options, likely contributing to the muted volatility. 

While most expired open interest in Bitcoin (BTC) and Ethereum (ETH) hasn't been reinvested, the balance of calls and puts remains consistent. Notably, ETH options are pricing in higher implied volatility as compared to BTC, particularly for shorter expirations, leading to a flat term structure for ETH, while BTC is offering cheaper options exposure.

In the perpetual markets, low volatility and minimal spot movements have led funding rates for nearly all tokens to mirror broader market sentiment throughout the holiday season. On the options side, BTC's term structure is noticeably lower and steeper than ETH's, with realized volatility now dipping below implied volatility levels, highlighting an intriguing shift in market dynamics.

Please check out the report’s highlights.

Open Interest Solid Amid Year-End Options Expiration

Although open interest for both BTC and ETH perpetual swaps hasn’t returned to early December 2024 highs, it remained robust throughout the significant end-of-year options expiration event. This suggests that these markets weren’t heavily utilized to 

 of the expiring options contracts, likely contributing to the lack of volatility observed during this period. Instead, trading volumes have dipped noticeably during the winter holiday season, coinciding with a collapse in realized volatility back to December 2024’s lowest levels.

BTC Option Curve Remains Steep During Call-Put Parity

The expiration of December's end-of-year options didn’t trigger the anticipated surge in volatility; instead, realized volatility has plummeted to the lower end of its recent range. The implied volatility term structure remains steep compared to both its recent behavior and ETH's, with longer-dated implied volatility around 57%, and 1-week at-the-money options trading about five points lower. Much of the expired open interest hasn’t yet been rolled into new positions, maintaining a neutral balance between puts and calls. Consequently, BTC's options market positioning is relatively neutral, lacking the leverage it had at the start of December 2024.

Huge ETH Option Expiring Doesn’t Cause Volatility

A late December spike in realized volatility didn’t carry into the new year, with ETH’s spot price currently exhibiting volatility below that of short-tenor implied volatility. Interestingly, the implied volatility term structure has undergone a steepening and re-flattening over the past week, contrasting with BTC’s slightly steeper profile. This suggests that ETH’s options market is anticipating higher short-term volatility in spot price movements. 

Despite the significant expiration of options open interest at the end of December 2024, which didn’t lead to a rollover into later expirations, call options continue to dominate the market and have increased at the start of 2025.

Advanced

block-scholes-x-bybit-report.jpeg

Bybit X Block Scholes Crypto Derivatives Analytics Report (Jan 2, 2025): BTC Options Continue to See Call-Put Parity, With Lower Short-Term Volatility Expected

Dive into FLock, a decentralized platform that revolutionizes the way AI models are developed, trained and deployed.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is poised to transform countless industries, but its development often raises questions about privacy, control and inclusivity. 

 is a unique decentralized platform that democratizes AI training, fine-tuning and inferencing. With its blockchain-powered infrastructure, FLock ensures transparency, security and community-driven decision-making, paving the way for AI models that align with established societal values. 

In this article, we’ll explore how FLock decentralizes AI training, its key features and its potential impact on developers, communities and users.

 platform that revolutionizes the way AI models are developed, trained and deployed. By leveraging blockchain technology and a novel approach called 

, FLock addresses critical issues in AI development, such as centralized control, lack of transparency and privacy concerns.

At its core, FLock’s mission is to democratize AI by enabling communities to participate directly in the creation and refinement of AI models. Through federated learning, FLock trains AI models across multiple decentralized devices or servers. This method ensures that data remains local, eliminating the need for raw data exchange while still enabling robust model training. By decentralizing the training process, FLock not only protects individual privacy, but also fosters a more inclusive ecosystem in which diverse contributors can collaborate.

What sets FLock apart is its integration of 

. This ensures that all contributions — whether data, compute power or feedback — are transparently recorded and fairly rewarded. Blockchain tech’s immutable ledger enhances trust among participants and safeguards the process against manipulation. Additionally, the platform’s on-chain incentive mechanisms encourage participation from a wide range of contributors, ensuring that rewards are distributed equitably.

Ultimately, FLock empowers communities to develop bespoke AI models tailored to their specific needs. By decentralizing the process and prioritizing transparency and collaboration, FLock breaks the monopoly of large corporations, creating an AI ecosystem that aligns with public ethics and societal values.

, an Oxford alumnus with a robust background in AI and blockchain technology. Sun, who serves as FLock's CEO, has an impressive career trajectory, having worked as the Director of AI for the Royal Bank of Canada and as an AI Research Fellow at Imperial College London. His vision for FLock stems from a deep understanding of both the technical and ethical challenges of AI development.

The founding team also includes other Oxford alumni, boasting over a decade of combined experience in AI research and the cryptocurrency industry. This team brings a collective blend of academic excellence and practical expertise that positions FLock to lead the decentralized AI movement.

FLock has successfully raised $11 million in funding across two rounds, reflecting strong investor confidence in its vision. In May 2024, FLock secured a $6 million seed round co-led by Lightspeed Faction and Tagus Capital, with additional backing from Digital Currency Group (DCG), Volt Capital, OKX Ventures and Inception Capital.

Later, in December 2024, FLock announced a $3 million successful funding round led by DCG and joined by prominent names like Animoca Brands, Fenbushi Capital, GnosisVC and GSR. These investments are being channelled into enhancing the platform’s testnet and federated learning client, accelerating FLock’s mission of enabling secure, collaborative AI development.

With this funding and over 1,500 nodes contributing from platforms like Numerai and Kaggle, FLock is rapidly scaling its impact on decentralized AI training.

FLock AI revolutionizes AI development through its decentralized training framework. This approach allows participants to contribute to AI model training without ever sharing their personal data. Instead, models are trained locally across devices using federated learning, which ensures that data remains with its owners while still enhancing the accuracy of the model overall. 

FLock’s reward system is designed to incentivize active participation. Contributors who provide data, computational power and/or feedback are compensated with FLOCK tokens, ensuring a fair distribution of rewards. 

FLock empowers its community through a robust governance framework. Decisions regarding AI model development, deployment and ethical considerations are driven by the community, ensuring alignment with established societal values. Through blockchain-based voting mechanisms, contributors can influence the direction of AI projects, fostering transparency and public accountability. 

FLock’s modular architecture allows contributors to participate in specific aspects of AI model development. Whether providing raw data or computational power or even refining algorithms, the platform enables a collaborative and scalable development process. 

At the core of FLock’s philosophy is its commitment to privacy and security. By leveraging blockchain technology, the platform ensures that no single entity controls the AI development process. Data remains local and protected by cryptographic measures, while the immutability of blockchain guarantees transparency in every transaction and model update. 

 begins with a blockchain and an AI layer.

The blockchain layer underpins FLock’s incentivization and security mechanisms.

The AI layer facilitates model training, refinement and deployment, leveraging both centralized and federated approaches.

Let’s have a look at the supply and demand for the FLOCK token.

FLock adopts a 1:2 ratio model between team/investors (33.3%) and community (66.7%), prioritizing community-driven growth and ecosystem expansion. The majority of tokens are allocated to incentivize user participation and long-term ecosystem success.

FLock aims to improve the future of AI development by decentralizing the training process and ensuring transparency, privacy and inclusivity. By leveraging blockchain and federated learning, FLock empowers communities to contribute to AI creation without compromising on privacy. Its innovative reward system and community-driven governance foster a fair and collaborative ecosystem. 

With significant backing and a growing network of contributors, FLock is positioning itself as a leader in decentralized AI, offering a more ethical and secure alternative to traditional AI development models. As it continues to scale, FLock is set to transform the way AI models are built and deployed.

 — and earn a share of a 10 million FLOCK prize pool. For more details, visit 

Intermediate

flock.png

FLock AI: Decentralized AI Training

In this tutorial, we’ll explore how you can complete a series of tasks in Network3 for Bybit Web3 Airdrop Arcade.

Task 1: Register for a Network3 Account and Connect Your Bybit Wallet 

: Navigate to the campaign page and click on the 

task. Click on the task, and Galxe will ask to redirect you to the Network3 register page.

: Register for a Network3 account using your email address. You may indicate a 

Task 2: Download the Network3 App and Run a Node for One Hour

 and choose your operating system to download the Network3 app.

 or powerbutton, depending upon which operating system you’re using. For ease of reference, we’ve used macOS and iOS as examples below.

: Keep running the node until the timer reaches 

Beginner

network3 tutorial.png

How to Complete Network3 Tasks for Bybit Web3 Airdrop Arcade

Bybit launched the Bybit Merch Creative Challenge for university students worldwide, offering a $50,000 USDT prize pool.

The S&P 500 dropped 0.22% on Thursday, its fifth straight decline, with investors eyeing Friday’s economic updates. Coindesk Indices, an index measuring broader cryptocurrency market performance was up by 2.03%, with Bitcoin and Ether rising by 2.79% and 2.70%, respectively in the past 24 hours.

Today's top performer is XRP, which surged 1.9% following a rise in price driven by increased open interest and positive market sentiment.

Ripple (XRP), launched in August 2012, is a blockchain technology company focused on improving international payments with its cryptocurrency, XRP. XRP price surged due to increased open interest, a major XRP transfer, and market sentiment linked to Trump's inauguration. Bullish momentum is supported by high short liquidations, with key resistance levels to watch for further price movement.

Check Out the Latest Prices, Charts, and Data of 

 for university students worldwide, offering a $50,000 USDT prize pool. Participants can design exclusive Bybit merchandise, with submissions open until Jan. 15, 2025. Winners will be announced on Feb. 1, 2025, across four prize categories.

Yesterday, Bitcoin Spot ETFs recorded a total inflow of $84.8M, driven by $107.9M from non-GBTC funds, partially offset by a $23.1M outflow from GBTC.

, offering an airdrop for participants who complete tasks like swapping and bridging using the Mango wallet. Points earned through tasks determine airdrop rewards. Join via the Mango wallet and follow steps on the testnet dashboard.

2.png

Bybit Launches $50,000 Merch Design Challenge for University Students Worldwide

Bitcoin

Crypto

Investing

Bitcoin mining stocks outperformed Bitcoin in terms of value for many reasons. Learn why are they so important. 

SEP23_R23_Shoppable_Content_Bitcoin_Mining_Stocks_Why_They_Outperformed_Bitcoin_in_2023.png

 occurred in 2016. Since then, Bitcoin mining stocks have gained interest. These stocks represent companies that operate large-scale facilities to mine Bitcoin, the top cryptocurrency by market capitalization. In 2023, Bitcoin mining stocks outperformed Bitcoin itself by a wide margin, generating impressive returns for investors. But what are the reasons behind this success? And how do Bitcoin mining stocks compare to Bitcoin as an investment option? This blog post will dive into these questions and more.

Understanding Bitcoin Mining and Bitcoin Mining Stocks

 is the process of validating transactions and creating new bitcoins using specialized hardware and software. Miners compete with each other to solve complex mathematical puzzles that require significant computing power. The first miner to solve the puzzle adds a new block of transactions to the Bitcoin 

, the distributed ledger that records all transactions. In addition, the miner receives a reward in the form of newly minted bitcoins and transaction fees.

The term “Bitcoin mining stocks” refers to shares of publicly traded companies that derive most of their revenue and profits from Bitcoin mining operations. These companies typically engage in activities such as creating and operating Bitcoin mining farms, producing and selling mining hardware and equipment, and providing related services for Bitcoin miners. Investing in these stocks can be a way to gain exposure to the crypto world without the associated risks of directly owning cryptocurrencies.

The Performance of Bitcoin Mining Stocks in 2023

Despite the volatility and uncertainty in the crypto market, Bitcoin mining stocks had a stellar performance in 2023. According to 

 Cointelegraph, the average year-to-date stock price gains in 2023 among the top nine public Bitcoin mining firms by 

 was 257.14%. This figure is almost three times higher than Bitcoin's price gain in the same period. 

Factors Behind the Success of Bitcoin Mining Stocks

Several factors contributed to the success of Bitcoin mining stocks in 2023. 

Buying Bitcoin mining stocks and purchasing Bitcoin are both ways to invest in crypto, but they have some key differences. 

Advantages of Investing in Bitcoin Mining Stocks

Investing in Bitcoin mining stocks can offer some advantages over investing in Bitcoin directly.

The best Bitcoin mining stocks in 2023 have shown strong performance, profitability, growth potential and innovation. Based on these criteria, here are seven top picks for 2023.

Riot Platforms, a Texas-based Bitcoin mining company, boasts an impressive hash rate capacity of 

 and operates a 700-megawatt (MW) facility, making it the single largest in North America. In Q2 of 2023, the company successfully 

, with a low production cost of $8,389 per Bitcoin. It reported 

 in the last quarter, and experienced a remarkable year-to-date price surge of 234.8%, closing at $11.35 on August 31.

Also based in the United States, Marathon Digital Holding 

 in the second quarter of 2023, boasting a hash rate 

. Marathon Digital has enjoyed an impressive 

 increase in share price this year, and reported a 

 in the second quarter. The company's primary objective is to become North America's largest and most environmentally conscious Bitcoin miner.

Based in Alberta and Ontario, Hut 8 Mining operates with a hash rate capacity of 2.6 EH/s. In the second quarter of 2023, they mined 399 BTC and reported a revenue of 

The company has experienced an impressive year-to-date increase in share price of 185.9%, closing at $2.43 as of August 31. Hut 8 is committed to expanding its mining capacity and diversifying its revenue streams through 

Hive Blockchain Technologies, another Canadian company, is dedicated to mining Bitcoin and Ethereum using sustainable energy sources like hydroelectricity and geothermal power. In the second quarter of 2023, the company 

Operating in Québec and Argentina, Bitfarms Ltd., a leading Bitcoin mining company, currently boasts a 

 During the second quarter of 2023, the company 

. Bitfarms has made significant strides in the stock market, experiencing a 

 in share price. The company is leveraging low-cost renewable energy sources to target mining capacity expansion to 

Based in the United Kingdom, Argo PLC is a Bitcoin mining company that operates in Texas and Québec. It has achieved a total hash rate 

, and in the first half of 2023, it successfully 

 in the first half of 2023. The company aims to become one of the biggest and most eco-friendly Bitcoin miners worldwide by implementing renewable energy sources and carbon offsetting programs.

CleanSpark, a leading provider of energy management and Bitcoin mining software solutions based in the United States, has reported impressive growth during the third quarter of fiscal year 2023. The company operates several mining facilities, and boasts a hash rate 

, mining a total of 4,729 BTC for CY 2023. CleanSpark generated a 

The company remains committed to improving its mining efficiency and sustainability by utilizing 

 technology and renewable energy sources. It has received full funding to expand its facilities to hit a target of 16 EH/s operational hash rate by the end of 2023.

Summary: The Dominance of Bitcoin Mining Stocks

Bitcoin mining stocks have emerged as a dominant force in the crypto space, outperforming Bitcoin by a wide margin in 2023. These stocks offer investors a way to gain exposure to the growing demand for Bitcoin under a regulated framework. Bitcoin mining stocks offer some advantages over Bitcoin, such as lower volatility, higher liquidity, regulatory compliance and exposure to other business segments. However, investing in Bitcoin mining stocks is not without risks. Therefore, when 

, consider operational issues, environmental concerns, competition and regulatory uncertainty. 

Bitcoin Mining Stocks: Why They Outperformed Bitcoin in 2023

Grab Up to 5,000 USDT in Rewards

Grab Up to 5,000 USDT in Rewards