Avalon Labs (AVL) revolutionizes Bitcoin finance with BTC-backed stablecoin lending, CeDeFi & DeFi solutions. Borrow, stake & earn with BTC-based assets.

 (BTC)’s financial ecosystem, known as 

, has experienced significant growth over the past few years, with a number of sidechains, rollup platforms and cross-chain applications helping users leverage their BTC funds for 

 (DeFi) operations. One of the newer BTCFi solutions on the market is Avalon Labs, a multi-chain platform focused on Bitcoin-backed 

Avalon lets users borrow stablecoins by providing collateral in BTC or BTC-related assets, such as Bitcoin-pegged tokens and 

 of Bitcoin. Users can access funds at fixed repayment rates, ensuring stability in the otherwise volatile crypto finance world. This stability, in turn, drives the more active use of Bitcoin-backed assets in the 

Importantly, Avalon Labs has secured access to billions of dollars in accessible stablecoin funds from centralized finance (CeFi) institutions, helping it act as a key bridge between the worlds of traditional and crypto finance.

 (AVL) is a decentralized BTCFi lending platform that lets users borrow stablecoins by supplying collateral in the Bitcoin cryptocurrency or in BTC-related crypto assets.

 The platform also provides opportunities to earn yield by supplying crypto funds to several liquidity pools. The platform's flagship asset is the USDa stablecoin, backed by Bitcoin.

Avalon also offers other lending opportunities via two primary modes: CeDeFi and DeFi. The CeDeFi offering allows users to access funds in the 

 (USDT) stablecoin, while the DeFi component is made up of three lending and borrowing pools — based on BTC and BTC's liquid staking derivatives, 

Avalon Labs has implemented a series of risk mitigation measures in order to protect its users and ecosystem. Measures focusing on the lending mechanism include the requirement for overcollateralization of all loans, and a rigorous liquidation procedure activated when the 

 (LTV) ratio drops below sustainable levels. Platform-wide risk mitigation measures include regular internal and external security audits, and AI-driven 

Avalon Labs operates on multiple blockchain platforms, including 

, with plans to expand to more decentralized networks in the future.

The project conducted its seed round fundraising in March 2024, and actively entered the BTCFi niche in November 2024 with the launch of its USDa stablecoin. As of the time of writing in early February 2025, the platform is preparing for the launch of its native token, AVL.

USDa is Avalon’s Bitcoin-backed stablecoin, designed to help BTC holders put their funds to active use in the DeFi ecosystem. By providing Bitcoin-based collateral, borrowers can mint USDa, which is freely exchangeable with the USDT stablecoin at a 1:1 ratio. As such, USDa is indirectly pegged to the U.S. dollar via a fixed-rate USDT conversion mechanism.

By locking their collateral and requesting USDa, users create so-called collateralized debt positions (CDPs) — an overcollateralized crypto debt instrument first popularized in the DeFi industry by 

Besides the stable, USD-pegged rate, USDa boasts several other benefits. First, borrowers can access fixed-rate interest repayments for their debts, enjoying certainty in planning their payments to the platform. Secondly, early finalization of debt doesn’t carry a financial penalty. Importantly, USDa can be put to use across different chains, thanks to its utilization of the 

CeDeFi Lending is a major component of Avalon Labs' focus on Bitcoin-backed loans. The project claims to have secured access to billions of dollars in USDT and 

 (USDC) funds at traditional finance institutions. This allows Avalon users to borrow funds in these popular stablecoins at fixed rates of 8 –10%. As of late January 2025, Avalon's CeDeFi lending component allows you to borrow USDT by providing collateral in Ignition FBTC (FBTC), a Bitcoin-pegged omnichain cryptocurrency. Other collateral and borrowing assets (e.g., USDC loans) might also be introduced in the future.

Avalon Labs’ DeFi lending component is represented by three main types of liquidity pools, against which users can lend and borrow assets. The BTC LSD Pools are made up of BTC and BTC-based liquid tokens, with each liquid token isolated to its own independently operating pool. There are also RWA Lending Pools, which consist of RWA tokens and stablecoins. The third type is the General Pool, containing mainstream assets like BTC, ETH, popular stablecoins and more.

The platform separates each asset, such as each liquid token or RWA, into its own isolated pool. Pool isolation helps structure risk mitigation measures carefully tailored to each asset.

For the first few months on the market, Avalon has operated without a native token. The project is currently gearing up for the introduction of its 

, AVL, to be launched sometime in Q1 2025. AVL will support not only governance but also a range of other functions. One of these is staking. By staking AVL, users will be issued sAVL, an asset that will be used directly for governance processes. sAVL holders will participate in votes to decide the rules and future direction of the platform. Staking will also let them accrue crypto rewards in AVL tokens.

Additionally, AVL will provide access to exclusive features, perks and fee rebates on its platform.

The AVL token will be issued with a total supply of 1 billion. Planned supply allocation shares are as follows:

 platform. Bybit Pre-Market Spot is an over-the-counter (OTC) trading platform that allows you to acquire promising new cryptocurrencies before listings on Bybit's main Spot trading market, letting you access these assets at potentially discounted rates.

The AVL listing on Pre-Market Spot lets you speculate on the new token's potential. Naturally, before investing in any asset (whether it's offered via Pre-Market Spot or other trading environments), you’re encouraged to 

 on the project's background, operational details and future potential.

The sphere of financial solutions for the Bitcoin blockchain is quickly gathering pace, with several projects in the cryptocurrency market aiming to help Bitcoin holders put their funds to active use. Avalon Labs is a key initiative within this niche of the cryptocurrency industry, offering a much-needed service — stablecoin issuance backed by the security of Bitcoin. 

Early indicators suggest that this project has significant potential within the Bitcoin ecosystem, as well as within the wider crypto ecosystem. Of particular importance is the project team's claimed access to billions of dollars in USDT and USDC funds at traditional institutional finance providers. A thorough risk management framework — supported by regular audits, AI-driven monitoring, and sound debt collateralization and liquidation mechanisms — also provides further assurances to the user community.

The benefits offered by Avalon Labs are clear-cut, but more details on access to the billions of dollars at traditional finance providers would certainly contribute to user trust in the platform, something that's always helpful for any young web3 startup. Currently, however, the main focus is on the platform's imminent native token launch. AVL's token generation event (TGE) will be a significant evolutionary step in the life of this promising BTCFi project.

Intermediate

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Avalon Labs (AVL): Driving Bitcoin’s Financial Evolution

Helium Mobile is revolutionizing telecom with three new plans, including the Zero Plan.

Daily Top Performer — Ampleforth (FORTH)

The S&P 500 rose 0.72% on Tuesday, but futures fell on Wednesday after Alphabet’s weak earnings while investors await more earnings reports. Gold hit a record $2,845.14 as U.S.-China tariffs fueled safe-haven demand. Coindesk Indices, an index measuring broader cryptocurrency market performance was down by 4.35%, with Bitcoin and Ether dropping by 2.52% and 6.25%, in the past 24 hours. Trade these markets and more with up to 500x leverage on Bybit MT5 using this 

Today’s top performer is FORTH, which surged nearly 49.1% following the announcement of Ampleforth’s Evergreen Cycle, a decentralized solution for resilient DeFi treasuries.

Ampleforth (FORTH), founded in 2018, is a stablecoin that adjusts its supply daily through “rebasing” to maintain price stability, ensuring holders keep their proportional ownership. Ampleforth 

 AMPL and SPOT as decentralized alternatives for DeFi treasuries, reducing reliance on centralized stablecoins. AMPL’s elastic supply and SPOT’s low volatility offer DAOs a resilient treasury strategy through the "Evergreen Cycle"—buying AMPL in bullish markets and rotating into SPOT during downturns. This system enhances liquidity, mitigates market cycle risks, and enables DAOs to act as decentralized “micro central banks,” reinforcing long-term stability in DeFi.

Check Out the Latest Prices, Charts, and Data of 

Helium Mobile is revolutionizing telecom with 

, including the Zero Plan, which offers free mobile service (3GB data, 300 texts, 100 minutes) while rewarding users with Cloud Points for sharing anonymized data. These points can be redeemed for gift cards and experiences. Other plans include the Air Plan ($15/month) for 10GB and the Infinity Plan ($30/month) for unlimited data. Helium Mobile combines community-powered networking with the nation’s largest 5G coverage, making mobile service more affordable, flexible, and rewarding. The plans are currently invite-only, with a waitlist available.

Yesterday, BTC Spot ETFs recorded $91.7M in total inflows, with $72.2M from non-GBTC and $19.5M from GBTC.

, a decentralized social network platform, is hinting at a potential airdrop for users. To increase chances of receiving the airdrop, users should sign up on the platform, create a Town, deposit ETH, and join other Towns to earn points. Towns raised $25.5M in funding and operates on the Caldera network. Tipping others and daily engagement may boost rewards.

Beginner

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Helium Mobile Introduces Free Plan and Rewards for Staying Connected

Haedal unlocks liquidity for staked SUI by converting it into haSUI tokens, enabling users to earn rewards while freely participating in DeFi activities.

vWhat if you could earn staking rewards and keep your crypto liquid? Haedal, a pioneering 

 blockchain, turns this possibility into reality. Haedal eliminates the trade-off between 

 and accessing liquidity by transforming staked SUI tokens into haSUI — a yield-bearing asset usable across 

 (DeFi). This article explores how Haedal simplifies staking, enhances capital efficiency and unlocks superior returns while fueling the growth of the Sui ecosystem.

Haedal is a liquid staking protocol on the Sui blockchain that allows users to stake SUI tokens, mint haSUI (a yield-bearing 

) and earn additional rewards through DeFi integrations. It simplifies participation in staking while maintaining liquidity for decentralized finance activities.

Haedal was created by a group of anonymous blockchain enthusiasts and experts who recognized the need for a more efficient and secure way to stake SUI tokens on the Sui blockchain. Their vision for Haedal was born from the desire to improve the DeFi ecosystem by offering a simple, one-click liquid staking solution. This approach allows users to earn rewards while still keeping their assets flexible and liquid.

Haedal bridges the gap between staking and decentralized finance, making it easier for users to participate in various DeFi activities without sacrificing security or efficiency. By doing so, Haedal boosts user engagement within the Sui ecosystem and also helps strengthen and expand the broader DeFi ecosystem, paving the way for greater blockchain adoption.

Haedal seeks to address the major issue of lack of liquidity in traditional staking models, whereby users must lock their assets for fixed periods. This restricts their ability to use those funds for other investments or DeFi activities, such as 

 or governance participation, reducing flexibility and deterring engagement. 

Another barrier is the complexity of staking management. Selecting validators, monitoring performance and handling technical processes can overwhelm newcomers — and even experienced users. This steep learning curve limits broader adoption and discourages participation in ecosystem growth. 

Also, many staking systems suffer from inefficiency and security risks. Outdated practices or centralized control can expose users to asset loss and/or downtime, while fragmented platforms make participation cumbersome. These vulnerabilities erode trust and hinder the scalability of decentralized networks. 

 technology to tackle liquidity constraints, simplify user experience and enhance security, aiming to create a more accessible and efficient ecosystem for staking and DeFi integration.

Haedal deploys the following advanced mechanisms to make staking SUI tokens more flexible and user-friendly. 

haSUI is a versatile token that unlocks liquidity for users who stake their SUI tokens through Haedal. When users stake SUI, they receive haSUI at a 1:1 ratio, acting as a dynamic “receipt” for their staked assets. Unlike 

, in which funds are locked and unusable, haSUI retains liquidity, allowing users to trade, lend or use it as collateral in DeFi apps while their original SUI continues earning staking rewards. 

Over time, haSUI’s value grows as it accumulates rewards from validators securing the Sui blockchain. This dual functionality bridges the gap between passive income and active participation in DeFi, letting users maximize their crypto holdings without compromise. 

Haedal streamlines staking by automating the entire process. Users deposit SUI tokens into the protocol, which then delegates them to trusted, high-performing validators on the Sui network. This eliminates the need for users to research validators or manage technical details manually. The system continuously monitors validator performance, reallocating stakes to optimize returns and minimize risks. 

Unlike more rigid staking models, Haedal’s protocol imposes no lockup periods, so users can unstake at any time by swapping their haSUI back to SUI. This flexibility, combined with automated efficiency, makes staking accessible to everyone, from newcomers to institutions, while ensuring their contributions actively support Sui’s network security. 

The Random Vault adds an element of chance to traditional staking, creating a fun and community-driven experience. Users deposit SUI into the vault for one week, during which their funds are delegated to validators. At the end of the week, all staking rewards generated by the vault are pooled and distributed to five randomly selected participants. This gamified approach injects some excitement while also diversifying risk by spreading stakes across multiple validators automatically. 

Participants enjoy a hands-off experience, requiring no active management, while gaining exposure to potential bonus rewards. The Random Vault democratizes staking, offering both seasoned users and casual participants a fresh way to engage with the Haedal ecosystem. 

The Haedal Market Maker (HMM) ensures seamless trading and liquidity for haSUI tokens, addressing common challenges in DeFi: price volatility and accessibility. HMM operates by providing deep liquidity pools for haSUI trading pairs, which stabilizes prices and minimizes slippage during trades. This means users can buy or sell haSUI quickly and at fair market rates, even during periods of high demand. 

HMM maintains a tight peg between haSUI and SUI and enforces trust and usability, making the token practical for everyday DeFi activities, such as swapping, lending and/or collateralizing loans. This infrastructure not only benefits individual users, but also strengthens the broader Sui ecosystem, encouraging adoption and enabling institutions to participate confidently in the decentralized finance realm. 

Haedal has achieved significant milestones, including launching its liquid staking protocol, growing its 

Looking ahead, the project aims to expand its product offerings, improve scalability and strengthen its role in the Sui ecosystem. 

Haedal redefines staking on Sui by merging liquidity, simplicity and innovation. By transforming staked SUI into yield-bearing haSUI tokens, it unlocks DeFi opportunities without sacrificing rewards or security. Features such as automated staking, gamified vaults and robust liquidity solutions empower users to maximize earnings while supporting network growth. 

With a clear road map and a community-driven ethos, Haedal is positioning itself as a catalyst for accessible, efficient decentralized finance, bridging traditional asset holding with the dynamic potential of blockchain.

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Haedal: Unlock Superior Returns With Sui Liquid Staking

Loopy is a Sui-based meme coin inspired by a beaver with a distinctive pink hue that’s featured in the Pororo the Little Penguin cartoon. Learn more here.

If you want a comprehensive crypto portfolio, it pays to check out 

. Though these coins might not be worth as much as major cryptos, their potentially drastic price swings can result in big profits for investors. One intriguing 

 meme coin to check out is Loopy, a cartoon-themed coin (inspired by a popular television show) that’s had an interesting growth pattern of late. To see if Loopy is the right investment for you, we’ll take a look at its tokenomics and pricing trends. 

 is a meme coin based on the Sui blockchain. It's inspired by a beaver with a distinctive pink hue that’s featured in the 

 cartoon. Much like the character herself, the Loopy coin hopes to showcase the values of friendship, hope and harmony.

On a technological level, Loopy works similarly to other meme coins. Loopy uses the Sui blockchain as the foundation for its system. This delegated 

 network is known for its scalability and speed. Loopy takes advantage of Sui's features by using its standardized 

 and token creation protocols. Since Loopy doesn't have to run its own blockchain, it can focus more on the marketing side of operating a cryptocurrency.

In order to increase its token's market capitalization, Loopy has heavily integrated itself into social media. Loopy runs both a Telegram channel and a 

 where it interacts with its audience. These sites post memes about gentlehearted Loopy, encouraging users to share their own. 

In addition to marketing the Loopy coin, these social media sites also help to operate the entire Loopy community by tracking member participation and using these metrics to determine eligibility for 

Loopy's token, with the symbol LOOPY on most exchanges, is a traditional meme coin that has no utility outside of entertainment. Its sole purpose is to appeal to fans of gentlehearted Loopy in 

 The Loopy coin does have a somewhat higher supply than many other tokens, with a 

. Half of the tokens were distributed to community members in an 

, while the other half were used for token liquidity. The majority of these tokens are circulating now, so the coin's current circulating supply is close to its total supply of 1 trillion tokens.

Loopy was released back in October 2024, so it's already been the subject of a few newsworthy events. The coin was initially selling for around $0.000012, but a decline in trading volume led to a sudden price drop, to around $0.0000035 in early November 2024. Fortunately, fans of the beaver with the distinctive pink hue rallied behind it, and it surged to an impressive all-time high (ATH) of $0.000013 by mid-November. 

When the Loopy token’s price increased by over 763% in just 24 hours, it began receiving a lot of attention. The coin's market cap reached $17 million, and it was briefly one of the top Sui meme coins. Since its heyday, the Loopy token has had some struggles. Starting in January 2025, coin prices dropped to as low as $0.00000004 as its market cap plummeted. 

However, these unusually low prices have been just as noteworthy as the coin's ATH. Loopy fans who were getting priced out of owning the token have been expressing interest in it once again, due to its more affordable prices. The trading volume of Loopy might look a little low now, but it's no longer in free fall, as it was in early January 2025. Some market analysts even suggest that LOOPY’s price may reach 

LOOPY tokens have a high current circulating supply, but not all exchanges support this token yet. It's primarily available through smaller, decentralized exchanges. However, if you prefer a more convenient experience, check out the 

. This service provides access to DEX offerings, while maintaining the same great service that all Bybit users can count on. Purchasing LOOPY through Bybit is as simple as checking the current price, entering the number of LOOPY you want to buy and confirming your purchase. 

LOOPY's market cap and 24-hour trading volume have certainly declined from the coin’s heyday, but it still holds some promise for investors. The low current price means that it's possible to buy a lot of LOOPY without spending much money. This can result in big profits if the coin experiences even minor price increases. Furthermore, most pricing analyses suggest that LOOPY's market cap could recover in the future.

However, don't forget that this sort of investment can be risky. Some meme coins generally fail to return to their ATHs after brief enthusiasm during their launches. Loopy's team hasn't been promoting their coin as much lately, so whether or not LOOPY can recover will rely mostly on the coin's fanbase. While investing a bit of extra money you have in LOOPY could be fun, it’s not recommended that you invest money you can’t afford to lose. Meme coins are always volatile, and it’s essential to use some caution and 

 any time you invest in tokens such as LOOPY.

While LOOPY tokens might not have the highest 24-hour trading volume anymore, this meme coin is still backed by a dedicated community. Its ability to appeal to 

fans with positivity and humor has helped it stand out from other Sui meme coins. Loopy is a great example of how a simple yet fun concept can end up appealing to thousands of investors.

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Loopy (LOOPY): The Most Adorable Meme Coin on Sui

Bybit Learn

Blockchain

A Merkle tree is a structure that is used to verify data integrity in a set. Find out how it works and its role in blockchain in this article.

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Merkle trees are used in computer science applications as a data structure for data verification and synchronization. Merkle trees are also used to more securely and efficiently encrypt 

With cryptocurrencies, a Merkle tree database is used to securely split the block's data and ensure that it is not lost, damaged, or altered. This method of data management makes it possible to validate specific transactions without downloading the entire, terabyte-sized blockchain. It is a reliable, secure, and cryptographic method of running the blockchain.

 giant, FTX, many CEXs have built and implemented Merkle Tree as a form of 

 to assure users that their funds are safe. In this article, we will be discussing what are Merkle trees, their role in blockchain and how a user can validate their funds using the Merkle tree.

Ralph Merkle, a computer scientist renowned for his work on 

, proposed Merkle trees in the 1987 paper "A Digital Signature Based on a Conventional Encryption Function". Cryptographic hashing was also invented by Merkle.

Merkle tree is a hash-based mathematical data structure that compiles the summaries of all the transactions in a block. It is a method for quickly checking the accuracy of data in a decentralization manner. As a result of its functionalities, Merkle trees are utilized more effectively and securely to encrypt blockchain data. 

Merkle trees are often used with peer-to-peer (P2P) networks because of the need to have information shared and independently validated. Let’s understand more about Merkle trees and how they work.

The Merkle tree, also known as a hash tree, has a binary tree structure, with the hashes of the transactional data on the bottom row being referred to as "Leaf Nodes," the intermediate hashes being referred to as "Non-Leaf Nodes," and the hash at the top being referred to as the "Root." Even though the majority of hash tree implementations are binary (each node has two child nodes), they can also have a lot more child nodes.

When looking at the structure of a Merkle tree, all transactions are grouped in pairs. Each pair has a computed hash that's stored directly in the parent node. These nodes are also grouped into pairs, after which their hash is stored on the next level up. This process continues until reaching the root of the Merkle tree.

Let’s take a look at each of the nodes:

These are the hashes of each cryptocurrency transaction in a block, also referred to as transaction IDs (TXIDs). You view the transaction hash when you search for a transaction on a block explorer.

Then, to create a layer of non-leaf nodes above the leaf nodes, these leaf nodes are hashed together in pairs. They are known as non-leaf nodes because, in contrast to leaf nodes, they merely store the hash of the two leaf nodes that it represents and don't contain transaction IDs (or hashes). As a result, there will be half as many hashes (or nodes) in the non-leaf node layer above the leaf nodes as there are in the leaf node layer. As the tree narrows as it ascends, these non-leaf node layers continue to be hashed together in pairs, resulting in half as many nodes per layer. Two nodes will be present in the final non-leaf node layer. This creates the Merkle root and is the location of the last hashing in a Merkle tree.

With Bitcoin, the hashes of all transactions are combined into a single hash and stored in the block header. The Merkle root, also known as the root hash, is this particular hash. The leaf nodes (transaction IDs/hashes) at the base of the Merkle tree can be verified using this Merkle root. When used for cryptocurrencies, the Merkle root makes sure that data blocks are unaltered, undamaged and whole.

A Merkle tree is binary, which means that the total number of different leaf nodes must be even for the tree to be properly constructed. When an odd number of leaf nodes exists, the previous hash will be duplicated to provide an even number of nodes.

A Merkle tree is essentially designed to break large pieces of data into considerably smaller chunks, which ensures that all the transactions can be verified promptly. The tree summarizes every transaction by creating a small fingerprint of a specific set of transactions, which makes it easier for users to verify the availability of transactions in a block. 

Merkle trees are formed by hashing different pairs of nodes until just one hash remains, which is referred to as the 

. These trees are built from the bottom up, with each transaction consisting of hashes. Every leaf node is a singular hash of data. As for non-leaf nodes, these are hashes of previous hashes.

Let's say that a Merkle tree consists of four transactions which are labeled D0, D1, D2 and D3. Each transaction is hashed before the hash is stored directly on the leaf node. When this occurs, hash N0, N1, N2 and N3 are created. Any consecutive pair of leaf nodes will then be summarized in a parent node via the hashing of hash N0 and hash N1, which results in hash N4. If hash N2 and hash N3 are hashed together, hash N5 is created. Both of these hashes, N4 and N5, are hashed once more in order to create the Merkle root.

This process can be used with extensive data sets. The Merkle root is responsible for summarizing the data that's present in specific transactions, all of which are stored directly in the block header. This technique results in data integrity being properly maintained. In the event that one detail within the transaction is changed at some point, the Merkle root will automatically change alongside it.

There are many benefits for blockchain technology and cryptocurrency platforms when using a Merkle tree to verify transactions, which include everything from efficient verification to easy tampering detection.

It's easy for transaction integrity to be verified in practically no time at all. Because of how the data is structured, very little memory needs to be used during the verification process and the computing power required is significantly reduced. 

Because blockchains typically consist of hundreds of thousands of blocks, each of which can contain up to several thousand transactions, validating the data poses two major challenges: memory space and computing power. Every node on the network would have been required to maintain a complete copy of every transaction that has ever taken place on the blockchain if Merkle trees were not a concept in the blockchain. A node would have had to compare each entry line by line when verifying a transaction to ensure that its records exactly match the network records. The network's security could be jeopardized if there was any discrepancy between the records. As a result, to compare the records to make sure there had been no changes, the computer used to validate the data would have needed much more processing power. 

Merkle trees, on the other hand, offer a solution to this issue by drastically reducing the amount of data that must be kept on hand for verification needs. They hash every entry in the ledger, effectively separating the data itself from the evidence supporting it. Without knowing every single TXID in a block, you can check a TXID using the Merkle root with a Merkle tree. A Merkle tree is essentially a great way to demonstrate that something is present in a dataset without having to download the entire set. Consequently, less computing power is needed to validate the transactions.

As a result of the distribution of the transactions on the block among the validators, each validator is working on a different transaction at the same time. Compared to a method where each transaction is sequentially validated after another, this is much more effective.

Simple Payment Verification (SPV), which enables you to confirm a transaction without downloading an entire block or blockchain, is made possible by the Merkle tree. This enables the use of a light-client node, more formally known as a crypto wallet, to send and receive transactions.

The hash structure makes it easy for miners to identify if tampering has occurred with transactions. 

A distinct hash value is generated for each block using the Merkle root. The block links one block to another in the blockchain by including the hash of the preceding block. The hash of any transaction changes whenever that transaction is modified. The block becomes invalid as a result of this change because it cascades up to the Merkle Root and alters its value. This then causes a change in the hash of the following block, rendering the remainder of the Blockchain invalid. As a result, the Merkle tree creates an immutable record of the block's transactions.

Double spending can also be prevented as a result. If an individual tries to double-spend his digital currency, a hash will be generated for that transaction. If that hash matches the existing records present on the Blockchain, that transaction is rejected.

Why Are Merkle Trees Important in Blockchains?

Merkle trees have proven to be essential for blockchain technology because they facilitate quick and easy verification in a manner that's not possible with other techniques. These Merkle trees provide developers with the ability to compress exceedingly large sets of data by getting rid of all unnecessary data, and turning the data that remains into hashes. The various features provided by Merkle trees include:

As mentioned in the beginning, following the downfall of FTX, users have been concerned as to whether their funds are actually kept safe in CEXs. As a result, multiple CEXs have come forth to develop a Merkle Tree Proof-of-Reserve mechanism. In this section, we will be looking into Merkle proofs and how our users can validate their funds.

A Merkle tree proof is a cut from a Merkle tree, not the actual tree. And be represented as an array or sequence (shown by the orange portion in the diagram below).

All of the leaf nodes and the balance information for a particular single user of our company are represented by the figure's last level nodes. Assuming that the pink people in the figure represent the intended recipients of the proofs, we extract the orange portions of the figure level by level and present the proof documents to the users in order of height. It's significant to remember that the Merkle proof has two main components

Taking the volume of 10 million users as an example, the height of the tree can be calculated as Log2(10,000,000) = 23.2534966642 based on the mathematical formula, which gives the height of the tree as 24 levels. Therefore, the nodes in the graph that are intentionally not provided to users will be 24 - 2 = 22.

Merkle tree is a complete binary tree, which allows us to calculate all of the information about its parent node by simply knowing the left and right nodes. Two parts make up this complete information: the balance data and the hash data.

The validation of the Merkle tree is computed by deriving the B and D and verifying that

By utilizing a hash summary function, the Merkle tree enables users to determine whether they are a part of the entire tree without having to be aware of every purple node in the graph. The Merkle proof is exclusive to that user. For instance, a 24-level Merkle tree requires an array of 23 elements to verify the user's balance information, and this array can only confirm that the user's balance proof is accurate.

The user cannot reconstruct the entire tree based on his or her fragmented information as long as they do not obtain more than half of the total number of users. As a result, the Merkle tree protects both user privacy and the company's ability to prevent the leak of information about the company's overall assets.

There are 2 methods available for you to validate your Bybit account and to check the validity of funds.

This method is the first and only one in the entire network, and it will show the node derivation process of Merkle Tree validation in an intuitive graphical manner on the company's platform.

The company's Merkle tree generation source code and validation code are openly available on github to assist users in programming their own validation. The Merkle tree calculation process involves a huge amount of user calculations, which are usually implemented by big data and Java. 

*An open Java code means that it is open to users without holding back any information.

 for professional users to validate their own Merkle Tree proof file by copying it from their proof of reserves page to their own "sticky" version of the system via the 

 button and storing it as a file named myProof.json to local disk.

Applications of Merkle Trees in Blockchain

Merkle tree and Merkle root structures have already been widely adopted across many different blockchains and cryptocurrency platforms. The following details three such applications.

 uses Merkle trees in several ways, which makes these trees integral to the entire Bitcoin platform. In fact, these trees are present in every Bitcoin block header. The hash for every transaction that's available within the block is placed in the header. When it comes to Bitcoin, the Merkle root is important for mining as well as verification.

Bitcoin blocks consist of headers that contain metadata as well as an extensive list of transactions. This list is usually larger than the block's header. Miners hash data to create an output that adheres to specific conditions, which is necessary when validating a block. The miners can make trillions of separate attempts before they find a valid block. Every attempt requires a number in the header of the block to be changed. Even though thousands of separate transactions can exist in a block, each one must be hashed.

Merkle roots allow miners to make this process much more efficient. When the mining process begins, all that's necessary is for the transactions to be made into a Merkle tree, after which the root hash can be placed within the block header. At this point, the miner is only required to hash the header of the block, as opposed to the entire block.

Another aspect of the Merkle root that's used with Bitcoin involves leverage, which focuses on light clients. When a node is being operated on a relatively weak device that has limited resources, users won't be able to download and hash every transaction in a single block. Instead, a Merkle proof can be requested, which is confirmation that a transaction is present in a block. By reducing the number of hashes that need to be performed during the verification process, verification can occur without using as many computing resources.

 is based on a somewhat modified version of the Merkle tree, which is why it's referred to as the 

. Every block within the Ethereum blockchain consists of three Merkle trees, as opposed to one binary tree — which is what happens in Bitcoin blocks. Each of the three roots has its own purpose.

The initial root is considered to be the root of every transaction. As for the second root, it shows the state of the transaction. The final root is the receipt of the transaction. A user can look at a Merkle root to determine if a transaction is found on a specific block, as well as determine what their account balance is.

, this blockchain platform uses a Merkle tree to compute block data as a hash. The hash value identifies the width of the Merkle tree. Merkle trees on the Hyperledger Fabric platform work just like the ones on the Bitcoin platform.

Merkle trees have proven to be highly useful for cryptocurrency platforms that want to make sure their transaction verification process is as easy and efficient as possible. Without this structure in place, verification would be a time-consuming process because the data would need to be transferred throughout the entire network for verification. The platforms that use Merkle trees benefit from less bandwidth and computational power requirements.

What Is a Merkle Tree & What Is Its Role in Blockchain?

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