Indices are essentially statistical measures that track the performance of a group of assets. Learn more here.

From the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA, or simply the Dow) to the Hang Seng Index (HSI), the world’s major stock market indices are vital benchmarks that reflect the performance of leading companies across regions. For beginning and veteran traders alike, such indices act as overarching market bellwethers that provide deeper insights into market trends and serve as tools for trading strategies, risk management and portfolio diversification.

Given their mass popularity, indices are widely traded in the forms of futures, options and 

 (ETFs), enabling traders to effortlessly hedge against volatility or speculate on market movements through their preferred instrument. In this article, we’ll explore the world’s biggest market benchmarks, their composition, significance in trading and their role in shaping global financial markets.

Indices are essentially statistical measures that track the performance of a group of assets. For example, by referring to the three major US indices, we can immediately tell how a particular segment of the market is performing, thanks to the snapshot provided by these indices. 

At their core, these indices provide a way to gauge market trends, manage risk and diversify portfolios by offering a broad view of different sectors or asset classes. They’re widely used in financial markets for investment strategies, and as benchmarks for evaluating performance.

While more popular indices typically track the prices of stocks, traders may also consider trading indices that take into account the performance of other asset types, such as commodities and fixed-income instruments (e.g., bonds).

How indices work — mechanics, composition and weightage

Beyond simple tracking, indices also serve as the basis for numerous financial products that enable traders to participate in broad market movements without needing to purchase individual assets. This unmatched level of accessibility makes indices crucial for both institutional and retail traders. To go one step further, the construction of an index — including the specific assets being included, and their weighting — can significantly impact the index’s behavior, and the extent to which it effectively represents its target market.

Overall, understanding these construction methodologies is vital for traders who want to accurately interpret index movements and make informed decisions. We’ll go into more detail on the inner workings of index trading in the subsequent sections of this article.

Index trading involves speculating on the price movements of a group of assets without directly owning them. This is typically achieved through financial instruments, such as contracts for difference (CFDs), futures or options. The following section provides a detailed explanation of the mechanics involved.

As previously mentioned, indices are composed of various assets, such as stocks, commodities or bonds, and their performance is tracked using different weighting methods. The most common methods include the following.

Now that you’re familiar with the technicalities involved with index composition, let’s dive deeper into the instruments involved with the trading of indices.

New to trading indices? No worries. Here’s a quick four-step process to help you get started.

In summary, index trading provides a way to participate in broad market movements through various financial instruments. It offers diversification and flexibility but requires careful 

, given the volatility associated with index trading.

Trading indices offers several compelling advantages that make them an attractive option for both novice and experienced traders. The following reasons are worth considering.

Indices can be categorized based on their coverage, weighting method and focus. 

Following are some of the main types of indices.

Index prices are influenced by a variety of factors that can be broadly categorized into economic indicators, company performance, market sentiment and external events. These factors interact dynamically, influencing the overall performance of indices and shaping market trends.

For traders looking to get started with index trading, 

 with deep liquidity and competitive spreads. For a limited time (from Mar 13 through Apr 12, 2025), we’re running a 

 in which traders can enjoy zero fees on selected index pairs, making it even more cost-effective to explore index trading.

Ultimately, trading indices can seem daunting, given their depth of assets and the mechanics involved. For example, the S&P 500 comprises hundreds of stocks, each with different amounts of weightage. If mega-cap stocks like Tesla were to face some form of volatility, there would definitely be an impact on the index. As such, beginning traders who are new to index trading must 

 prior to transacting with indices, given the risks involved with the use of leveraged instruments.

For those with a longer time horizon in mind, trading indices can certainly be useful, especially if you’re intending to 

 your entries over time when building up your position. Given the extent of diversification involved and the sheer amount of liquidity present, it certainly would make sense for any trader with a long-term bullish inclination to trade indices and hold their ETFs for the long haul.

With a reliable platform like Bybit Gold&FX, you’ll practically be spoiled for choice when it comes to navigating the diverse world of indices and other financial instruments. By empowering traders with access to real-time data, advanced charting tools and a user-friendly interface, Bybit Gold&FX helps traders make informed decisions when analyzing market trends and execute trades with precision.

Whether you're interested in tracking the performance of major stock market indices, exploring commodity indices or diversifying your portfolio with forex and gold, Bybit Gold&FX offers the necessary resources and support. The platform's focus on security and transparency provides traders with peace of mind, allowing them to concentrate on their investment strategies and capitalize on market opportunities. In essence, it transforms the complexities of index trading into an accessible and sleek experience.

Intermediate

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Indices: Trading the world’s biggest market benchmarks

Bybit celebrated the second anniversary of the Bybit Card at its Dubai headquarters, highlighting its rapid growth with over 1.5 million cards issued since launch.

The S&P 500 dropped 1.39%, entering correction territory amid Trump’s tariff threats and trade war concerns. Gold surged to a record $2,988, driven by trade uncertainty, recession fears, and Fed rate cut expectations. The Coindesk Indices, which tracks the broader crypto market, fell by 0.90%, with Bitcoin and Ether down by 3.36% and 2.63% in the past 24 hours. Trade these markets and more with up to 500x leverage on Bybit MT5 using this 

Today’s top performer is S, up 7.9% after 0xGasless launched AgentKit on Sonic, enabling AI-powered, gasless on-chain automation.

Sonic Labs (S), established in 2018, is an EVM-compatible Layer 1 blockchain built from Fantom, delivering over 10,000 transactions per second. Its native token, S, replaces FTM at a 1:1 ratio. The network prioritizes high performance, interoperability, and developer incentives. 

, enabling AI agents to execute on-chain actions with NLP-powered automation and gasless transactions via smart wallets. Developers can use Sonic AgentKit to build DeFi copilots or automate blockchain tasks and contribute custom tools through its open-source GitHub.

Check out the latest prices, charts, and data of 

Bybit celebrated the second anniversary of the 

 at its Dubai headquarters, highlighting its rapid growth with over 1.5 million cards issued since launch. The exchange announced a limited-edition Premium Metal Card coming in 2025, alongside enhanced user experience features such as an improved rewards program, stronger fraud protection, and wearables connectivity. Backed by Mastercard’s global network, the Bybit Card supports multiple cryptocurrencies and offers seamless payments at any Mastercard-accepting merchant. Bybit reaffirmed its commitment to expanding crypto financial solutions and bridging digital assets with everyday transactions.

Yesterday, BTC Spot ETFs saw $180.9M in net outflows, with GBTC losing $12.7M and non-GBTC funds dropping $168.2M.

 $EDGE tokens to active traders on Solana and EVM chains. Users who traded on Jupiter, Odos, Hyperliquid, and more can check eligibility and claim by depositing funds and trading $1K spot volume via TWAP. Airdrop claims open in 19 days, with a raffle for 500 users to win 100K $EDGE tokens.

Beginner

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Bybit marks Bybit Card’s second anniversary with new features and expansion plans

Dogecoin Spot ETFs would offer a regulated vehicle for investors to capture Dogecoin's price movements without directly managing the cryptocurrency themselves.

 is defying expectations, transitioning from a crypto punchline to Wall Street legitimacy. In a landmark shift, the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has formally acknowledged Spot ETF applications for DOGE from heavyweight asset managers, including Grayscale and Bitwise, potentially catapulting the Shiba Inu–themed token into regulated markets. 

 (ETFs) would cement Dogecoin’s status as a serious investment vehicle, challenging perceptions of meme coins as fleeting novelties. 

This article delves into the mechanics of a Dogecoin Spot ETF, the current state of applications, their impact on the crypto market and the broader implications of such financial instruments.

A Dogecoin Spot ETF is a proposed exchange-traded fund that would directly hold Dogecoin as its underlying asset, allowing investors to gain regulated exposure to DOGE’s price movements without owning the cryptocurrency outright.

A Dogecoin Spot ETF would mirror the price movements of Dogecoin by holding the cryptocurrency directly, thereby enabling investors to capture its market performance without the complexities of purchasing, storing or managing the digital asset themselves.

Asset managers — in this case, Bitwise and Grayscale — would securely store actual Dogecoin tokens in 

 that often use cold storage solutions to reduce hacking risks. This responsibility is entrusted to custodians such as Coinbase Custody, which would safeguard Bitwise's Dogecoin holdings. These custodians specialize in cryptocurrency storage and employ robust security measures, such as multi-signature wallets and offline storage, to ensure the fund's value remains closely aligned with Dogecoin's current market price, while protecting the assets from potential threats.

Authorized Participants — usually large financial institutions — play a key role in maintaining this alignment by facilitating the creation and redemption of ETF shares. When demand surges, these institutions purchase Dogecoin from the open market and deposit it into the fund in exchange for newly issued shares. Conversely, they redeem shares by returning them to the fund for an equivalent amount of Dogecoin. This dynamic mechanism helps ensure that the ETF’s share price consistently reflects the underlying asset’s value.

Once issued, Dogecoin Spot ETF Shares would be traded on traditional stock exchanges, providing investors with an established and secure platform to gain exposure to Dogecoin. The ETF’s net asset value (NAV) would be determined by a comprehensive pricing mechanism that continuously reflects the current market price of Dogecoin. This process relies on the 

, which aggregates data from multiple reputable cryptocurrency exchanges. 

Using this standardized reference, the ETF ensures that fluctuations in Dogecoin's price — driven by market supply, demand and investor sentiment — are accurately captured. Consequently, the NAV is updated in real time, so it would provide investors with a transparent and precise representation of the fund’s true market value.

With this structured approach, a prospective Dogecoin Spot ETF promises a streamlined, regulated avenue for investors to participate in the dynamic cryptocurrency market, seamlessly integrating digital asset exposure with traditional financial systems.

In January 2025, REX Shares (in collaboration with Osprey Funds) filed with the SEC, seeking approval for a Dogecoin Spot ETF. The following month, Grayscale Investments advanced its crypto offerings by submitting SEC Form 19b-4 to launch its own Dogecoin Spot ETF, signaling an intent to diversify beyond traditional assets like Bitcoin and Ethereum. Shortly thereafter, Bitwise Asset Management, Inc. filed both S-1 and 19b-4 registration forms for a similar ETF, with its proposed fund set to hold Dogecoin as the primary asset and determine its net asset value using the CF Dogecoin-Dollar Settlement Price benchmark.

The SEC has officially acknowledged these filings, initiating a comprehensive review process. The Commission is known for its cautious approach in approving cryptocurrency-based ETFs, due to concerns over market volatility, liquidity and investor protection. However, this acknowledgment suggests a willingness to assess the potential of integrating Dogecoin into regulated financial products. The approval process is expected to be methodical, potentially taking up to 240 days from the initial acknowledgment. Bloomberg analysts 

Despite these promising regulatory developments, market reaction has been mixed. While the filing of Dogecoin Spot ETF applications has generated significant interest among investors, Dogecoin’s price experienced a decline after an initial increase following the announcements, indicating that investor sentiment could be influenced by broader market dynamics beyond ETF-related news.

Current impact of Dogecoin Spot ETF applications on the crypto market

Following the ETF application announcements, Dogecoin's price experienced significant fluctuations. Initially, there was a surge in optimism, with 

 within 24 hours (as of Feb 14, 2025) as investors anticipated potential institutional adoption. However, this uptick was short-lived, and within a week, Dogecoin's price declined by over 7%. This retracement underscores the inherent volatility of the cryptocurrency market — and suggests that while ETF filings can boost confidence, they also introduce speculative dynamics that may lead to rapid price corrections.

This mix of enthusiasm and caution among investors reflects the duality of a market in transition, balancing prospects of institutional legitimacy and the realities of speculative volatility. On the one hand, potential approval of a Dogecoin Spot ETF is viewed as a gateway for mainstream and institutional investors to engage with DOGE, potentially leading to increased liquidity and market stability. On the other, the subsequent price decline following the ETF announcements indicates that the market remains sensitive to speculative trading and profit-taking behaviors. Investors are advised to approach such developments with a balanced perspective, considering both the opportunities and risks inherent in cryptocurrency markets.

What will it mean if a Dogecoin Spot ETF application is approved?

Should the SEC approve a Dogecoin Spot ETF, it would mark a significant milestone in legitimizing meme-based cryptocurrencies within a traditional financial structure. Such an ETF would allow investors to gain direct exposure to Dogecoin's price movements through traditional investment platforms, which in turn could lead to increased institutional participation as it provides a regulated and familiar investment vehicle for entities that may previously have been hesitant to invest directly in crypto.

The introduction of a Dogecoin ETF is anticipated to enhance the cryptocurrency's liquidity and market stability. By facilitating easier access for a broader investor base, the ETF could lead to higher trading volumes and reduced price volatility over time. The legitimacy conferred by regulatory approval could potentially bolster investor confidence and attract more capital inflows into Dogecoin.

Dogecoin Spot ETF approval could also set a precedent for other meme-based cryptocurrencies, such as 

 (SHIB), to pursue similar financial instruments. The Shiba Inu community has been actively advocating for a SHIB-based ETF, highlighting factors like strong diversification prospects and growing investor demand. Notably, after the Spot Ethereum ETF approvals in July 2024, Shiba Inu's pseudonymous lead developer, Shytoshi Kusama, hinted that SHIB could be next in line. 

As with a Dogecoin Spot ETF, the introduction of a Shiba Inu Spot ETF would provide investors with regulated exposure to SHIB, potentially increasing its adoption and market presence. However, the approval process for such ETFs is complex and subject to stringent regulatory scrutiny. While the SEC has approved ETFs for major cryptocurrencies Bitcoin and Ethereum, the path for altcoins like Dogecoin and Shiba Inu remains uncertain. Factors such as liquidity, market maturity and regulatory perspectives will play crucial roles in any approval process.

Looking to capture the market and trade DOGE tokens? Bybit offers the 

The approval of a Dogecoin Spot ETF would mark a watershed moment for meme cryptocurrencies, offering regulated access to Dogecoin’s price movements and potentially stabilizing its volatile market through institutional investments. While initial price surges and subsequent corrections highlight speculative risks, long-term benefits would likely include enhanced liquidity, legitimacy and broader investor adoption. This precedent could pave the way for altcoins like Shiba Inu to pursue similar ETFs, though regulatory hurdles and market maturity remain critical barriers. 

Ultimately, a Dogecoin Spot ETF would bridge meme-driven crypto culture with traditional finance, providing the much-beloved dog-themed Dogecoin with a previously unattainable level of credibility.

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Dogecoin Spot ETF: A giant leap for Dogecoin's legitimacy

In this tutorial, we’ll explore how you can complete a series of tasks in Prosper for Bybit Web3 Airdrop Arcade.

In this tutorial, we’ll explore how you can complete a series of tasks in Prosper for 

Task: Stake at least 20 PROS on the Prosper DApp on BSC

 and connect your Bybit Wallet by clicking on the 

button at the top-right corner of the page and selecting 

: Type in the amount of PROS tokens you would like to stake. You’ll need to stake at least 20 PROS tokens to complete this task.

If you notice the available amount shown for the connected wallet is incorrect or unexpected, simply click on the “refresh” icon to update your token balance. Also, please ensure that you’re connected to the BNB Smart Chain (BSC) network.

 to approve both the application permissions and the stake amount via your Bybit Wallet. 

Once both interactions have been completed, you’ll have successfully staked PROS!

: You’ll be prompted to add rePROS (receipt for staked PROS) to your Bybit Wallet (for display purposes) after you finish staking. These tokens effectively serve as a receipt for your staked PROS.

prosper tutorial.png

How to complete Prosper tasks for Bybit Web3 Airdrop Arcade

Bybit Learn

Blockchain

zkSync, an Ethereum L2 scaling solution using ZK tech to provide lower gas and faster transactions, is launching a new L3 scaling solution. Read more here.

zkSync_Public_Roadmap.png

 is the largest crypto ecosystem and the main platform for the majority of 

 (decentralized applications). As crypto protocols are often faced with problems such as high 

 and network congestion, many projects have decided to use Layer 2 (L2) scaling solutions to tackle these issues, so that they can increase network performance and user activity.

, currently offer transactions that are at least 10 times faster and cheaper than Ethereum’s. These networks have been increasing in popularity as compared to just a year ago. So what’s the next big jump for Ethereum to gain mass adoption? 

, which runs on ZK technology, is launching a Layer 3 (L3) scaling solution to scale Ethereum to the next level. 

, the development team behind zkSync, has also recently raised $200 million in a Series C round led by 

, better known as a16z, also contributed to the funding along with 

Read on to find out more about zkSync’s latest updates. 

zkSync is an Ethereum L2 scaling solution that uses ZK technology to provide lower gas fees and faster transactions than other L2s, without any compromise on security.

The zkSync blockchain was originally created by Matter Labs with the goal of fusing ZK-Rollup technology with 

 compatibility. Its scaling solution uses assets held on the main chain, while computation and storage are performed off-chain. 

This makes zkSync superior to other L2 solutions in terms of security and ease of use, and ultimately makes validation faster and cheaper as well.

 powered by zkEVM that went live on the Ethereum Mainnet on October 28, 2022. Since its successful testnet in February, zkSync 2.0 has also upgraded its zkEVM architecture, rolled out dynamic fees and onboarded some huge partners into the ZK ecosystem.

The recent successful upgrade is its most significant update so far, as zkSync 2.0 introduces a custom virtual machine and EVM-compatible compiler to achieve its goal of combining both technologies. This allows any DeFi protocol or NFTs on the Ethereum blockchain to be deployed on zkSync, with little to no changes to their original code.

 that’s generated a lot of hype in the community. According to their developer documentation, the company plans to release a token for its zkSync network, though no details or official plans have been released. 

Many are speculating that the zkSync token could be airdropped as an incentive for increased activities on the network, similar to the way in which Optimism previously rewarded its ecosystem users. Others believe that early users of zkSync 1.0 and 2.0 testnets could receive an airdrop as a reward for their participation.

That said, let’s take a look at the main differences between zkSync 1.0 and 2.0.

zkSync version 1.0 was released on the Ethereum Mainnet on June 15, 2020 with a low throughput of up to 300 

 (transactions per second). The team has since launched zkSync 2.0, with a throughput of over 20,000 TPS, plus the ability to support smart contract functionality for both the 

To elaborate, zkSync 1.0 offered only basic functions, such as token transfers between wallets. Smart contracts weren’t enabled, so that many popular DeFi activities requiring smart contracts — such as liquidity provision, borrowing and lending, staking, and more — weren’t available. 

Currently, with zkSync 2.0, smart contracts are supported using their own virtual machine framework, known as Zinc. Zinc’s language is based on 

, a more secure and effective language compared to the popular Solidity language that’s used on Ethereum.

The other more prominent update is the EVM-compatible compiler known as zkEVM, which is potentially a game changer for ZK adoption as the first native EVM-compatible ZK-Rollup.

Its adoption would allow most of the existing Solidity smart contracts from current DeFi protocols (including NFTs) to be deployed on zkSync 2.0, without many changes to the codebase. This will in turn save a large amount of time and effort on the developers’ end. 

Introducing zkSync’s Layer 3 Scaling Solution

zkSync will soon be launching its brand-new L3 scaling solution, which will provide potentially limitless scaling on Ethereum.

The zkSync team has created a set of developer tools, including a 

s, to allow others to spin off their own L3 and interact with it. zkSync L3 will be built on top of their current L2. Its public testnet is set to go live in Q1 2023.

 mainnet launch, the team plans to further onboard developers and DApps to the L2 blockchain before releasing a full L2 launch for improved developer and user experience in the future. This will be followed by the 

 launch around the “ultimate scaling solution” known as the 

The L3 Opportunity is being developed as a 

 and customizable blockchain ecosystem that’s powered by zkEVM, and will be the first L3 that utilizes a ZK-Rollup known as a “fractal hyperchain,” featuring performance at least 10x to 100x higher than that of L2.

zkSync believes that their L3 prototype will offer immeasurable potential to greatly enhance various aspects of blockchain performance, including scaling, personalization and security.

The future L3 will feature an exponentially quicker, less expensive and more practical platform for both developers and users to interact on.

Why Will zkSync’s Layer 3 Scaling Solution Be Better?

zkSync’s L2 introduced a native general-purpose EVM and Solidity-compatible ZK-Rollup for Ethereum without affecting security or decentralization — thus keeping with the Ethereum ethos and essentially setting the foundation necessary for Ethereum to scale. 

However, zkSync’s Layer 3 is where mass adoption will occur, due to its promise of unlimited scalability. It’s envisioned to enable an ecosystem of modular blockchains powered by zkEVM that are trustlessly linked. The ecosystem 

, and will bring a whole host of benefits. 

L3 will change the face of Ethereum across five key pillars:

Interactions across the HyperChains will occur via native bridges, offering a far more secure environment by mitigating the risk of exploits of non-native bridges that have already resulted in billions of funds being lost.

L2 brought about performance increases of up to 100X, but L3 can bring about unlimited performance improvement.

Thanks to ZK proofs and choices of data around data availability solutions, costs can be significantly cheaper. This ultimately also helps with mass adoption.

There will be many enhancements to SDKs and CLIs, and even the introduction of low-code or no-code solutions for various use cases in the ecosystem. These improvements will allow apps to be deployed far more easily, while still being inexpensive and secure.

, L3 can support any modern programming language — Rust, C++, etc. — on top of Ethereum’s Solidity.

Depositing and Withdrawing Crypto on Bybit With zkSync

With the latest EVM compatibility and smart contract support on zkSync 2.0, the chain now supports over 60 types of ERC-20 tokens such as 

Take advantage of zkSync’s high security, fast withdrawals and low fees by 

 with Bybit, and transacting with us. Get the most out of your cryptocurrencies by utilizing zkSync through Bybit today.

zkSync has great potential to accomplish its lofty goals in properly addressing scalability challenges, while preserving mainnet levels of security, user privacy and complete decentralization as a platform.

While the current version of zkSync works well for most DApps on Ethereum, zkSync L3 will give developers a space to experiment with DApps that’s not currently possible with Ethereum. In addition, numerous features are planned for release soon.

As the zkSync team experiments with their latest L3 solution to improve current performance levels, zkSync will continue to focus on its five main pillars and further develop its infrastructure so that it can easily onboard developers into its ecosystem.

zkSync L3: Scaling Ethereum to the Next Level

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