Gearbox Protocol is a composable leveraged lending protocol designed to enhance capital efficiency within DeFi. Learn how Gearbox Protocol works.

 (DeFi) with its composable leverage system. It enables investors to use 

 on assets across multiple protocols, transforming how DeFi participants can trade with margin, 

 and execute complex strategies — all without leaving their ecosystem.

 is making leverage accessible and secure. Whether you’re a lender seeking passive yield or a leverage user exploring advanced strategies, Gearbox’s unique architecture opens up new possibilities. Let’s explore how this on-chain credit layer is improving DeFi.

Since the emergence of DeFi in 2020, it hasstrived to reimagine financial services by removing intermediaries, such as banks and brokers. Through

 systems, DeFi offers transparent and direct access to lending, trading and investments. Despite market fluctuations, the DeFi sector remains resilient, with a current 

 (TVL) of $123 billion — a 128% increase since the start of 2024.

The DeFi sector is poised for resurgence as secure and scalable innovations fuel its growth. With proven use cases and real-world adoption, DeFi continues to solidify its role as one of crypto’s most valuable use cases.

 (WLFI), backed by the Trump family, underscores a shifting acceptance of DeFi in the United States. The project’s multisig wallet has publicly 

 various DeFi tokens, such as AAVE, LINK, ENA and more. WLFI aims to make DeFi accessible to everyday users, but it remains to be seen if the project will achieve its goals.

Gearbox Protocol is a composable leveraged lending protocol designed to enhance capital efficiency within DeFi. By offering a flexible credit layer, Gearbox empowers users to leverage their positions across multiple DeFi platforms, seamlessly integrating with protocols they already trust.

Gearbox’s fundamental design minimizes costs while maintaining flexibility. Its modular architecture reduces gas costs and improves scalability..

Unlike traditional leveraged lending protocols that silo funds within their ecosystems, Gearbox allows users to execute trades and strategies across integrated platforms, such as 

 correlated assets, Gearbox offers a new way to utilize leverage without restrictions.

With Gearbox Protocol, leverage becomes a DeFi primitive — an infrastructure layer that lets users go beyond basic 

 containing both user funds and borrowed margin funds. They serve as automated leveraged DeFi wallets, allowing users to manage positions and execute strategies independently.

: Gearbox enables users to integrate leverage with DeFi protocols like Uniswap for margin trading, Curve for leverage farming, and more. This flexibility empowers diverse strategies across different platforms.

: Gearbox combines lending and prime brokerage functionalities within the same protocol, simplifying the user experience and expanding possibilities for leveraged trading and farming.

, Gearbox maximizes capital efficiency. It minimizes gas costs and ensures that funds remain noncustodial, unlocking the full potential of leverage without compromising user security.

, ensuring that all integrations, policies and upgrades are managed transparently and collectively by the community and stakeholders.

Gearbox Protocol operates through two main user types:

The Credit Accounts enable operations while maintaining safety through 

Gearbox’s modular architecture supports seamless integrations with third-party protocols, ensuring assets remain decentralized and noncustodial. Liquidations are determined by 

 (based on calculated risks), and protect lenders while offering dynamic leverage possibilities.

 utility token with a capped supply of 10 billion, is the governance token of Gearbox Protocol. It empowers DAO governance and supports initiatives, such as liquidity mining and staking rewards, with an annual emission of just 3% from the DAO's holdings. 

Token distribution percentages are as follows:

Nearly full circulation has been achieved, minimizing supply overhang as a majority of token 

 concluded in 2023. The DAO treasury retains around 40% of the supply, ensuring the community’s strong influence on protocol development.

Marketwise, GEAR has recently experienced notable price movements. Over the past seven days, the token has surged by 11.9%, and its 30-day performance skyrocketed by 166.3%. Year-to-date, GEAR's price has risen approximately 57.7%, reflecting increased investor confidence. Daily trading volume hit $11.8 million over the past 24 hours, marking a 600.3% spike that indicates growing market interest. 

Gearbox Protocol's innovative approach to DeFi simplifies user experience through its wallet-centric design and the integration of the 

. With a capped supply of 10 billion GEAR tokens, robust DAO governance and nearly full circulation, Gearbox prioritizes community-driven growth. 

Recent market performance reflects growing investor confidence, with significant price increases and a surge in trading activity.

Looking ahead, Gearbox Protocol’s road map focuses on enhancing usability and interoperability within the Ethereum ecosystem. The integration of Credit Accounts into account abstraction (AA) wallets such as EIP-4337 revolutionizes the way users can access and manage funds, eliminating the need for complex lending interfaces.

Future developments may include pool-based models and optimizers to tackle liquidity fragmentation, further strengthening 

 Ethereum solutions. As Gearbox Protocol evolves, its focus remains on delivering efficient, user-friendly financial tools that empower users and redefine DeFi as we know it.

Intermediate

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Gearbox: Powering On-Chain Credit for DeFi

Dec 23, 2024: Our weekly Institutional Insights explores the latest market developments — market performance, industry news, exchange-traded fund (ETF) flows, trending topics, upcoming events and token unlocks — to help you supercharge your crypto trading.

 explores the latest market developments — market performance, industry news, exchange-traded fund (ETF) flows, trending topics, upcoming events and token unlocks — to help you supercharge your crypto trading.

Weekly Highlight — Market Expects New Record for U.S. Equities in 2025; Will Crypto Follow?

Wall Street’s leading firms have recently shared their forecasts for the S&P 500 in 2025, and the predictions sound strikingly similar to those made in prior years. The average forecast anticipates a 9.1% gain, evoking a sense of déjà vu among investors. A review of 376 firm forecasts over the past 25 years reveals that 53% fell within the modest range of 0% to 10%.

This clustering of forecasts is particularly perplexing when we contrast it with the actual volatility of the market. Over the past eight years, the S&P 500's returns have often exceeded these predictions, suggesting that strategists frequently underestimate the index’s potential for growth. Historical data indicates that significant gains and losses have been more prevalent than single-digit increases, which occurred only 14 times in 97 years.

Moreover, strategists' forecasts have shown a consistent tendency to miss the mark — on average, off by more than 15 percentage points — with the most accurate firms still missing by around 10 points. This discrepancy underscores the challenges in market forecasting, as 57% of the analyzed forecasts were below the actual market returns, indicating a widespread inclination toward pessimism.

Given this history, financial planner Elliott Appel advises investors to approach these forecasts with skepticism. He suggests treating them as entertainment, rather than actionable advice. The disparity between forecasted and actual returns highlights the inherent uncertainties in predicting market behavior. Therefore, investors should remain cautious and consider broader market trends and data, rather than relying solely on these forecasts for making investment decisions. In a landscape characterized by volatility, understanding the limitations of these predictions is crucial for informed investing.

Weekly Crypto Highlight — Bitcoin’s Price Whipsawed Following Hawkish Fed Remarks

Bitcoin is on track for its first seven-day decline in eight weeks, driven by hawkish signals from the Federal Reserve that prompted traders to sell, despite the cryptocurrency more than doubling in value this year.

On Friday, Bitcoin fell as much as 5.3% to $92,149, having reached an all-time high just above $108,000 earlier in the week. Its price has dropped around 5% since Sunday (December 22) and was trading at approximately $97,400 in New York. This downturn has had an impact particularly on smaller cryptocurrencies like Ether and Dogecoin, even as U.S. equities have moved higher.

A group of U.S. ETFs directly investing in Bitcoin reported a record outflow of $680 million on Thursday (December 19), breaking a 15-day streak of inflows. This shift in sentiment highlights the growing uncertainty in the market.

The market volatility follows a rally that occurred after Donald Trump’s victory in the U.S. presidential election on Nov 5, 2024. In our view, positioning has become "overly bullish," making digital assets susceptible to shifts in the Fed's tone as it focuses on controlling inflation.

As the holidays approach, uncertainty in the crypto markets is likely to persist, especially with Trump threatening tariffs against both allies and adversaries. With the Fed expected to slow its easing measures, attention is shifting to the speed of institutional adoption of cryptocurrencies.

The interplay of monetary policy, institutional adoption and political developments will keep Bitcoin sensitive to both macroeconomic and crypto-specific factors through 2025.

Open interest for Bitcoin futures at CME Group reached near-record highs on Tuesday, but has since declined. It’s advisable to take caution in the short term, noting that while a price collapse isn't imminent, the momentum has waned, with buyers losing control.

, as we delve into recent movements of Bitcoin and the S&P’s forecast for FY2025. 

Advanced

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Weekly Institutional Insights: Bitcoin Retreats Following Equity Sell-Off; Market Expects New ATH for U.S. Equities in 2025

Monad is a next-generation Layer 1 blockchain that achieves 10,000 transactions per second through parallel execution. Learn more about how it works here.

Scalability remains a critical bottleneck for blockchain adoption, with current solutions forcing difficult trade-offs between performance and compatibility. As existing platforms struggle with these limitations, Monad emerges as the “most performant 

 and backed by $225 million in funding, Monad aims to solve blockchain's scalability challenge through innovative architecture. This article looks at its technical components, examines potential use cases, analyzes key challenges and explores its road map toward mainnet launch.

 is a next-generation Layer 1 blockchain that achieves 10,000 

 (TPS) through parallel execution. With full EVM compatibility at its core, Monad enables seamless deployment of high-performance blockchain applications.

Monad Labs emerged in 2022 from a team with extensive experience in high-frequency trading systems at Jump Trading. The project was founded by three technical pioneers: Keone Hon (CEO), James Hunsaker (CTO) and Eunice Giarta (COO).

The inspiration behind Monad came from the team's direct experience with blockchain infrastructure limitations. Having worked on low-latency trading systems, they recognized that sequential processing in EVM-compatible chains created unnecessary bottlenecks.

 platform, its technical constraints have held the entire industry back. Monad’s founders believed their background in distributed systems and high-performance computing could help solve these challenges.

Their vision gained significant validation in early 2024 when the project secured $225 million in funding through a round led by Paradigm. Notable investors included Electric Capital, Coinbase Ventures and GSR Ventures, providing the resources needed for their planned Q1 2025 mainnet launch.

Monad aims to solve the fundamental scalability challenges that have plagued EVM-compatible blockchains. Traditional chains like Ethereum can only process 15–30 TPS, creating bottlenecks during high-demand periods.

Monad addresses the growing frustration with high gas fees and slow transaction times that have limited blockchain adoption. By implementing parallel execution, Monad targets a throughput of 10,000 TPS, with 1-second block times and single-slot finality.

Most existing scaling solutions require developers to learn new programming languages or adapt to unfamiliar environments. Monad takes a different approach, maintaining full EVM compatibility so developers can port their Ethereum applications without code modifications.

Monad's architecture introduces four key technological components that work together to achieve its performance goals.

 is a custom consensus mechanism derived from the HotStuff algorithm. Optimizing the traditional three-phase process into two phases enables faster block finalization, while maintaining 

Monad's parallel execution enables simultaneous processing of multiple transactions. Rather than checking for dependencies up front, the system optimistically executes transactions in parallel and efficiently resolves any conflicts that arise.

Monad implements deferred execution by separating 

 from transaction processing. This approach lets nodes agree on transaction orders first, creating a more efficient pipeline that enhances overall throughput.

 provides a custom-designed database optimized for parallel processing. It focuses on maintaining current state data rather than complete history, enabling faster reads and writes during transaction execution.

Monad introduces several key benefits that address critical challenges in the blockchain space.

Monad's innovative architecture represents a breakthrough in blockchain scalability. Through parallel execution, MonadBFT's optimized consensus and efficient state management, the platform achieves 10,000 TPS while maintaining decentralized security.

The synergy between these components enables one-second block times and near-instant transaction finality. This performance unlocks new possibilities for blockchain applications that require exceptional throughput and rapid processing, from 

As an EVM-compatible blockchain, Monad solves developer accessibility at the bytecode level. This allows teams to deploy existing applications directly to Monad, eliminating the need for code rewrites or the adoption of new tooling.

Developers can continue to use familiar frameworks, wallets and analytics tools while gaining access to Monad's superior performance. This compatibility-first approach removes traditional barriers to adopting new Layer 1 platforms.

As the Monad network prepares for its mainnet launch, the platform faces challenges in converting its technical advantages into widespread adoption.

While Monad's technical architecture is impressive, success in the blockchain space requires more than just advanced technology. Building a thriving Monad ecosystem depends upon attracting developers, projects and users to the platform.

Despite full EVM compatibility that makes it easier for Ethereum developers to port their applications, convincing teams to migrate to a new Layer 1 requires significant community building, ecosystem support and grants for new teams.

Significant venture capital involvement in Monad, while providing substantial resources for development, raises questions about potential centralization. With over $225 million in funding from major investors, there are concerns about token distribution and governance control.

The custom nature of components like MonadDb and the modified EVM implementation also introduces questions about the level of decentralization in the platform's architecture. These proprietary elements require careful consideration regarding their impact on network autonomy.

Monad's combination of high throughput, low fees and EVM compatibility creates possibilities for various blockchain applications previously constrained by technical limitations.

Monad's architecture fundamentally transforms what's possible in 

Monad's architecture creates new possibilities for 

 and digital asset markets that require high-performance transaction processing:

Monad's unique architecture opens up new possibilities for businesses handling real-world data streams and operations at scale:

These use cases leverage Monad's ability to handle multiple concurrent state changes while maintaining data consistency, enabling enterprise-grade applications that were previously impractical on 

Understanding how Monad compares to existing Layer 1 solutions helps contextualize its position in the blockchain ecosystem. Let's examine the key differences between Monad and other major platforms.

Ethereum's Layer 1 mainnet processes 15–30 TPS with high gas fees. While Layer 2 solutions exist for scaling, Monad aims to achieve 10,000 TPS at the base layer while maintaining full EVM compatibility. However, Ethereum's battle-tested security and decentralization are viewed as unmatched in the industry.

Solana achieves high performance through its parallel processing architecture, and has built a thriving ecosystem. The key distinction with Monad lies in its development approach: Solana utilizes a custom Rust-based environment focused on maximum performance, while Monad aims to bring similar scalability benefits to the EVM ecosystem.

 features a theoretical maximum of 2,222 TPS through a network of 29 active validators. While this provides reliability and EVM compatibility, it trades some decentralization for performance. Monad aims to achieve much higher throughput without the same centralization trade-offs, though this remains to be proven in production.

Each of the above platforms has made distinct architectural choices in addressing the 

 of scalability, security and decentralization. Monad's effectiveness in balancing these factors will become clearer once its mainnet launches.

Since its founding in 2022, Monad has achieved several significant milestones in its development journey, including securing $225 million in funding led by Paradigm in early 2024. Its team has successfully built and demonstrated the platform's core technologies, particularly its parallel execution architecture and MonadBFT consensus mechanism.

The primary focus for Q4 2024 is the launch of Monad's public testnet. This will be the first opportunity for developers and users to interact with the platform's infrastructure and publicly validate its performance claims.

The Monad network mainnet launch is scheduled for Q1 2025, marking the official debut of its high-performance blockchain infrastructure. Following mainnet, the team plans to:

The road ahead focuses on careful testing and refinement to ensure a stable and secure mainnet launch while building a sustainable ecosystem.

Monad represents a significant advancement in blockchain technology, offering a solution that combines the best of both worlds: Ethereum's thriving developer ecosystem, and high-performance scalability through parallel transaction execution.

As the project progresses toward its mainnet launch in 2025, its success will depend upon its ability to foster a thriving ecosystem. While challenges lie ahead, Monad's architectural innovations could be on track to shape the future of high-performance, developer-friendly blockchain infrastructure.

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Monad: A High-Performing, EVM-Compatible Layer 1 Blockchain

Story has introduced the Agent Transaction Control Protocol (Agent TCP/IP), a new standard for agent-to-agent transactions in the AI ecosystem. 

The S&P 500 fell 0.09% and is set for weekly losses amid Fed hawkishness and inflation concerns. Coindesk Indices, an index measuring broader cryptocurrency market performance was down by 3.37%, with Bitcoin and Ether dropping by 4.33% and 7.65%, respectively in the past 24 hours.

Today's top performer is MOCA, which surged 38.6% following the launch of Mocaverse 3.0, a chain-agnostic digital identity system that empowers users and connects ecosystems.

Mocaverse (MOCA), founded in 2017, is an NFT collection and community platform by Animoca Brands, providing access to an exclusive web3 ecosystem through unique digital characters and experiences. 

 introduces a chain-agnostic digital identity system that unifies user data and enables interoperable ecosystems. Through its AIR Kit, users gain control over their identity and rewards, while businesses can verify credentials and connect ecosystems. Backed by Animoca's network, it addresses digital fragmentation across sectors like DeFi, healthcare, and gaming.

Check Out the Latest Prices, Charts, and Data of 

, a new standard for agent-to-agent transactions in the AI ecosystem. Developed in collaboration with leading AI agent frameworks, this protocol enables AI agents to autonomously exchange and monetize intellectual property (IP) without human intervention. Agent TCP/IP allows AI agents to execute legally binding contracts, create a decentralized IP marketplace, and share revenue. The protocol aims to unlock the full potential of AI agents by enabling secure, transparent, and frictionless IP exchanges. A demo showcases how agents can license their IP in a decentralized marketplace.

Yesterday, BTC Spot ETF data showed a total outflow of $673.9 million, including $87.9 million from GBTC and $586.0 million from non-GBTC sources.

WorldShards, a Sandbox MMORPG on the Open Loot platform, is 

 a complete in-game economy in December 2024, ahead of its Token Generation Event (TGE) in early 2025. Key updates include Proxy Tokens for NFT crafting, 30-day free trial access, and airdrops for all active players based on activity. The game has attracted 300,000 community members and achieved $4M in sales since early access in February 2024.

Beginner

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Story Unveils Agent TCP/IP as a Breakthrough Protocol for Autonomous AI Agent IP Transactions

Daily Bits

The native token of Ethereum layer-2 network Blast (BLAST) surged after an airdrop distributed 17% of its supply, contrasting with other recent token launches like zkSync and LayerZero, which saw significant declines.

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The SPX index is up by 0.16%, the market also reacted positively to news that major banks could withstand a severe recession, according to the Federal Reserve. Investors are also looking forward to economic data and earnings reports from companies like Walgreens and Nike. The broader cryptocurrency market is down, with Bitcoin and Ether dropping by 1.69% and 0.65%, respectively in the past 24 hours.

Today's top performer is KAS, which surged 18.5% after Marathon Diversifies Digital Asset Strategy with Kaspa Mining Integration.

Kaspa (KAS), launched in November 2021, is a blockchain that merges proof-of-work (PoW) with blockDAG architecture for faster processing and reduced orphan rates, maintaining key Bitcoin features to enhance decentralized apps. Marathon has diversified its revenue by incorporating Kaspa mining into its digital asset operations, alongside its main Bitcoin activities. This 

 utilizes Kaspa's efficient transaction protocols and mining technology, aiming to enhance profitability. Representing about 16% of Kaspa's global hash rate, Marathon uses advanced ASICs for potentially high margins. While diversifying, Marathon remains committed to supporting and developing the Bitcoin network, strategically managing its digital assets to optimize returns and prepare for future market conditions.

The native token of Ethereum layer-2 network 

 surged after an airdrop distributed 17% of its supply, contrasting with other recent token launches like zkSync and LayerZero, which saw significant declines. BLAST launched at $0.02 per token, reaching a market value of $2 billion. The airdrop allocated tokens to users involved in bridging assets and contributing to DApps on the network. However, the launch faced criticism for its valuation and functionality, and attracted scam activities targeting participants, highlighting security concerns during such events.

In the latest ETF flow data, the Bitcoin ETF market witnessed a total net inflow of $31 million. The flows were distinctly marked by a significant outflow from Grayscale Bitcoin Trust (GBTC), which saw a reduction of $30.3 million, contrasting sharply with the overall market movement.

 will conclude on June 30th, with the airdrop checker available on July 5th and claims starting on July 8th. Season 3 is set to begin on July 1st, with more details to be announced soon. In the previous season, the base tier received approximately $1,000 in the airdrop.

Blast Token Surges Following $2 Billion Airdrop, Outperforming Recent Crypto Launches

Grab Up to 5,000 USDT in Rewards

Grab Up to 5,000 USDT in Rewards