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USDT vs. USDC: The Battle for Stablecoin Supremacy
Cryptocurrencies have a reputation for being highly volatile, but not all blockchain tokens vary wildly in value. There's an entire asset class called stablecoins that prioritizes keeping their price as steady as possible. Many of these popular stablecoins, such as USDT and USDC, maintain their valuation by pegging themselves to the United States dollar on a 1:1 basis. However, even if their market values look identical at a glance, these USD-pegged stablecoins are fundamentally different. If you want to understand where to hold your capital, explore this updated guide to find out the core differences between USDT and USDC.
Key Takeaways:
USDT (Tether) remains the largest stablecoin globally, operated by Tether Limited since 2014.
USDC is issued solely by Circle following the dissolution of the Centre Consortium venture.
USDT dominates trading liquidity, while USDC leads in regulatory compliance and on-chain transaction volume.
USDT is the largest stablecoin in the cryptocurrency market. Also called Tether, it's been operated by the Tether Limited company since 2014. Tether is pegged to the U.S. dollar, and is backed by a blend of gold and fiat currency.
USDC is a stablecoin that was introduced in 2018. Previously called USD Coin, this crypto is issued by Circle. USDC is backed by the U.S. dollar and U.S. Treasury securities. Its value is pegged to that of the U.S. dollar.
A single USDT or USDC token might have equivalent market values, but they are not interchangeable. Several structural, regulatory, and financial factors set them apart.
Both USDT and USDC are fiat-backed stablecoins pegged to the U.S. dollar, meaning their parent organizations manage massive reserve pools to guarantee 1:1 redemptions.
However, their reserve compositions differ heavily:
USDC takes a conservative approach, backing its tokens almost entirely with cash held at regulated U.S. banks and short-term U.S. Treasury bills.
USDT utilizes a broader mix of assets. While the majority consists of U.S. Treasuries, Tether also allocates portions of its reserves to gold, Bitcoin, secured loans, and corporate investments to boost profitability.
USDT is significantly older than USDC. Launched in 2014, USDT was the first viable fiat-backed stablecoin in existence. By the time USDC arrived four years later in 2018, USDT had already established dominant industry network effects and deep exchange listings.
While both tokens comfortably outrank all other stablecoin competitors, USDT maintains a massive lead. USDT's market capitalization commands a dominant position in the market, while USDC sits securely in second place.
However, market cap only tells part of the story. While USDT is heavily traded on centralized exchanges, USDC has become a dominant force in on-chain Web3 payments. Blockchain data indicates that USDC frequently outpaces USDT in pure settlement and transfer volumes across decentralized networks.
Both platforms allow verified institutions to burn tokens and redeem them for physical U.S. dollars. However, access tiers differ:
USDT maintains a higher barrier to entry, requiring a minimum redemption amount of $100,000 alongside a 0.1% fee.
USDC permits institutional redemptions starting as low as $100, offering a faster and more seamless pipeline for smaller institutions and market makers.
Transparency has historically been the sharpest point of divergence between the two assets. Tether faced severe regulatory scrutiny and heavy fines in the past for providing misleading metrics regarding its actual cash backing. In response, Tether transitioned to releasing detailed quarterly assurance reports prepared by independent accounting firms to prove its surplus reserves.
Conversely, USDC was built from the ground up to emphasize compliance. Circle publishes public, third-party monthly reserve attestations verified by major global accounting firms, providing clear visibility into the exact serial numbers and maturity dates of its Treasury holdings.
As stablecoins, both tokens aim for a flat $1.00 valuation, but open market dynamics can cause temporary fluctuations. Both assets have survived notable "depegging" events during periods of extreme market stress:
USDT experienced temporary drops to roughly $0.95 during historical market crashes before quickly recovering its peg.
USDC experienced a sharp, temporary drop toward $0.87 during the U.S. banking crisis when a portion of its cash reserves became briefly trapped in Silicon Valley Bank.
In both instances, the parent companies honored redemptions smoothly, restoring the $1.00 peg entirely.
Both USDT and USDC claim to follow international financial compliance measures. This means they follow industry best practices for protecting both their funds and their consumers. However, USDT's claims are a little more difficult to verify as compared to those of USDC, whose audits show that its reserves are held within regulated financial organizations so that it can prove it follows laws and recommendations for protecting its investors.
USDC and USDT are both known for their flexibility. They run on multiple blockchains and are used as currency at a variety of traditional and web3 businesses. Though USDT has greater liquidity and supply than USDC, both coins have liquidity large enough to easily support vast amounts of trading.
There are some differences in where these coins are available. USDT operates on 12 chains, including Ethereum, Omni, TRON, Algorand and EOS. Meanwhile, USDC is natively supported on 16 chains, including Ethereum, Solana, Polkadot, Flow, Avalanche, Base and others. Regardless, even if USDC is on more chains, USDT is accepted by almost twice as many businesses.
As you can see, USDT and USDC both have their own pros and cons. When it comes to USDC vs. USDT, the right choice for you will simply depend upon your priorities and how you plan to use the coin.
Stablecoins don't shift a lot in price, so neither USDT nor USDC will avail you of the potentially wild profit increases of some other types of cryptocurrencies. However, they still have a lot of uses in the DeFi investment world. Both USDT and USDC are popular choices for investors who choose to participate in staking, borrowing, lending and liquidity provision.
When it comes to investing, USDT has a slight edge over USDC. Either one can work well, but USDT simply has a much larger market share. Its larger supply and trading volume and higher market cap all lead to more opportunities for investors. Furthermore, USDT's popularity means it's used in more web3 projects. This all contributes to making USDT more available when you want to use DeFi investing to earn passive income on your tokens.
Meanwhile, although USDC's slightly more frequent rates of depegging might make it seem scary for an investor, depegging also comes with some opportunities for profit. Not only can you try to use options to short the coin, but you can participate in various token swaps and make money off the minor differences in stablecoin prices. However, even if USDC is useful for these sorts of techniques, keep in mind that arbitrage bots, options and other similar investment strategies can be especially risky. Often, only advanced traders who invest at optimal moments end up profiting.
If you plan on using either of these stablecoins to buy more crypto or make other purchases, USDC is often the better choice. The coin has a better track record for transparency and regulatory compliance. Furthermore, it's easier to convert your USDC back into U.S. dollars, which makes it a flexible payment choice.
The other primary consideration is USDT's widespread adoption. Even if USDC makes more sense as a payment method, some businesses only accept USDT. Therefore, if you can only choose one stablecoin and want to be able to spend it in many locations, USDT might be the better pick for you.
If you prefer long-term planning, it's essential to consider the futures of both USDC and USDT. Right now, USDT's popularity makes it the go-to option for many activities. However, more and more crypto enthusiasts are becoming wary of Tether. USDC’s reputation as the safer option might serve it well in the future.
Industry data paints an intriguing picture of which coin is on the rise. Not only has USDC been used for more transactions in the past year, but the summer of 2024 has led to big changes for this token. When Circle became the first stablecoin to receive approval from European regulators, traders took note, and tremendous growth in trading volume took place for USDC. By the end of July, volume was up to $135 billion and market cap had grown by 5.4%.
This has led to a lot of speculation about Tether finally being outpaced by USDC. Crypto trends suggest that regulation will become even more common in the future — and USDC is already doing a great job of satisfying regulations. Unless USDT is able to greatly improve its security and transparency, it may struggle to keep up.
Ultimately, both USDT and USDC have many reasons to hold their positions at the top of the stablecoin market. While USDT is an industry icon that holds large market shares, USDC has managed to become one of the most reliable and transparent choices. Currently, there's no definitive decision on which one is better, but rising interest in USDC suggests it might be the stablecoin of the future.