Gnosis (GNO) is Ethereum's most decentralized sidechain with 200K+ validators, xDAI gas fees, and scalable solutions for mainstream web3 adoption.

 (ETH) blockchain has suffered from poor scalability and high costs caused primarily by network congestion. Many solutions — mainly in the form of 

 rollups and sidechains — have emerged in recent years to address Ethereum's performance and cost inefficiencies. Many of these have managed to offer viable alternatives in the form of much better transaction processing times and considerably lower gas fees. However, plenty of these platforms suffer from limited decentralization due to the low number of validator nodes. In the case of rollups using a single sequencer node, a critical part of rollup architecture, there are serious concerns about extreme forms of operational centralization.

Thankfully, there is a project within the Ethereum ecosystem that has truly dedicated itself to the blockchain ethos of maximum decentralization. Gnosis is one of the oldest and most established Ethereum sidechains, and boasts a highly decentralized and reliable network of over 200,000 validators. It started as a 

 (DApp) on Ethereum, focused on prediction markets, but merged in 2022 with the xDAI sidechain to form a new entity, Gnosis Chain. The merger ushered in a new era for the unified project, which has become probably the most decentralized among all blockchain platforms within the wider Ethereum ecosystem, excluding Ethereum itself, of course.

Additionally, the Gnosis sidechain features a benefit that even Ethereum 

 can't match — gas fees on the network are charged in xDAI, a 

 indirectly pegged to the U.S. dollar, delivering greater cost stability for users and developers.

In this article, we conduct an in-depth examination of Gnosis, the leader of blockchain decentralization in the Ethereum universe.

 (GNO) is an Ethereum sidechain that offers low transaction costs, high scalability and gas fees denominated in a USD-pegged stablecoin.

 It boasts the highest degree of decentralization — as measured by the number of validators — among all Ethereum-linked sidechains and Layer 2 solutions. Among the most established and oldest blockchain solutions, Gnosis is designed to tackle Ethereum's heroically unyielding cost and performance challenges.

The original Gnosis project, now referred to as Gnosis 1.0, was conceptualized in 2015 as a prediction market platform. It was launched as an Ethereum DApp, and was owned by the Consensys blockchain development company. In 2017, Gnosis transitioned into an independent entity and expanded its focus to building decentralized infrastructure solutions for Ethereum. This marked the beginning of the project's second major stage, Gnosis 2.0.

In parallel with the original Gnosis, another early Ethereum-focused blockchain project, the xDAI Chain, was developing a scalable Ethereum sidechain that used a stablecoin for gas fee payments. xDAI and Gnosis announced a merger in 2021, with the new project branded the Gnosis Chain. The two projects merged on a technical level in December 2022. Over the next several years, Gnosis Chain has firmly established itself as a leading Ethereum sidechain, offering low costs and great scalability while running an extensive, community-driven network of more than 200,000 validators.

In early 2024, the now-unified project announced its next major stage, Gnosis 3.0, which aims to leverage the sidechain's superior technical properties and massive decentralized network in order to power mainstream 

 applications across different sectors, particularly in areas like payments, financial infrastructure and 

Although Gnosis has moved away from its niche focus on prediction markets, it maintains DApps dedicated to this specialized sphere. In fact, Gnosis continues to be viewed as the leading platform specializing in this area, with its GNO token holding the top position by market cap in the crypto industry’s prediction markets category.

 forms the infrastructural backbone of the entire Gnosis ecosystem. Its sidechain is anchored to Ethereum and features five-second block-confirmation times and low gas fees. For instance, in December 2024, the network registered average gas fees of around $0.04.

Gnosis Chain has inherited most of the properties of the original xDAI chain. It uses a stablecoin cryptocurrency, xDAI, that’s pegged to 

 (DAI), which in turn is soft-pegged to the U.S. dollar. As such, xDAI is indirectly pegged to the greenback. The use of a fiat-pegged stablecoin provides greater stability and certainty for users and developers utilizing the Gnosis Chain.

The chain's more than 200,000 validators (as of the start of 2025) make Gnosis the absolute leader in decentralization among all Ethereum-linked sidechains, Layer 2 rollups and similar platforms. The highly decentralized nature of the chain helps ensure great levels of security, transparency and trust in the platform.

Gnosis Chain currently features support for around 200 DApps across areas as diverse as blockchain analytics, 

 (NFTs), prediction markets, wallet solutions and more. DeFi-related apps — such as payment protocols, liquidity managers and permissionless 

 (DEX) platforms — as well as blockchain infrastructure projects, such as oracles, data exchange protocols and decentralized development tool kits — are the niches most prominently featured on the chain.

 (EVM)–compatible blockchain that uses a 

 (PoS) block validation model to secure network consensus, and a dual-token model to power its operations. Validators on the chain secure the right to process transaction blocks by 

 GNO tokens. Gnosis doesn't support stake delegation, however, so if you’d like to stake GNO without running a validator node, you can use external staking or 

 platforms that support the token. Examples include StakeWise (SWISE) and Chorus One.

In order to run a validator node and support Gnosis Chain block processing, you’ll need to download the requisite software and stake at least 1 GNO (around $264 as of Jan 7, 2025). The software needed to operate a validator node on Gnosis is pretty much the same as that used for Ethereum validation, with some minor modifications. This modest minimum staking requirement, and software setup nearly identical to Ethereum's, are significant reasons why Gnosis has an enormous network of over 200,000 validators.

Validators can choose to run a node either via the cloud or using their own hardware. However, the Gnosis project explicitly recommends the latter option to ensure maximum security, censorship resistance and credible neutrality.

While validator nodes stake funds and earn rewards in GNO tokens, gas fees for transactions on the network are paid in another cryptocurrency, xDAI, which is commonly acquired with MakerDAO's Dai stablecoin via a dedicated bridging solution — the 

In addition to its 200,000-strong validator community and around 200 DApps operating on its platform, the Gnosis ecosystem also includes several entities fundamental to the project's evolution and success — GnosisDAO, Gnosis Studios, GnosisVC and Gnosis Labs.

GnosisDAO is the platform's decentralized governance entity, powered by the holders of the GNO governance token. The DAO was originally created in 2020 to fully decentralize control of the platform and turn it into a project governed entirely by its user community. GnosisDAO uses a multi-stage governance process, whereby discussions are initiated and considered via the platform's online forum. Discussions can revolve around technical topics, protocol rules, DAO grant allocations and more.

If an issue being discussed gains enough traction, a forum poll can be created, whose users can then cast their votes. If this forum poll generates enough support votes, the process moves to the final stage, in which GNO holders vote to either approve or reject the proposed action.

Gnosis Studios is a product innovation lab created by the platform to develop and incubate promising web3 applications and infrastructure solutions. Among the solutions launched via Gnosis Studios is a decentralized payment protocol, Gnosis Pay, and a personal currency exchange platform, Circles.

Successful spin-offs of Gnosis Studios include the 

GnosisVC is a venture capital (VC) fund set up by the Gnosis project to invest in early-stage web3 projects, particularly in areas like financial services, 

 (RWAs) and blockchain infrastructure. GnosisVC boasts an extensive portfolio dating back to 2019. In 2020, one of the numerous projects the fund invested in was MakerDAO, a stalwart of the DeFi sector.

The fund's latest investments include projects such as the self-custodial wallet app Zeal, the 

 aggregator Electron. This is only a small subset of the web3 initiatives GnosisVC added to its portfolio throughout 2024. Per information on Gnosis's website, the VC fund has invested in more than a dozen projects in 2024 alone, and dozens of projects within the past five years.

Gnosis Labs is a development hub in which experimental web3 projects are first tested, iterated and improved before decisions are made on their future potential. The hub focuses heavily on 

 (AI) initiatives, and is primarily designed to foster innovation and breakthrough discoveries at the junction of AI and blockchain technologies.

To underscore its commitment to AI, Gnosis Labs has established a specialized division, Gnosis AI, for researching and developing projects in areas like agent-to-agent payments and smart prediction markets. Gnosis AI is a key initiative within the overall Gnosis 3.0 framework, a major evolutionary stage of the project designed to bring the platform to the mainstream web3 world.

. Validators stake GNO to secure the right to process transaction blocks on Gnosis Chain, while the wider GNO holder community can take part in on-platform governance votes. As noted earlier, these votes represent the final step in a multi-stage governance process whereby proposed changes or improvements to the platform are first considered in the Gnosis forum, and may proceed to a final vote involving GNO token holders.

Originally, the GNO token was issued on Ethereum, with a total and maximum supply of 10 million. As such, GNO was designed as a 

In April 2022, the Gnosis governance community voted to reduce the token's total supply to 3 million GNO. This supply-capping feature remained in place after the supply reduction, and the maximum supply was also set at 3 million GNO.

As of Jan 9, 2025, the GNO token was trading at $253.10, or 60.7% lower than its ATH of $644.20 on Nov 8, 2021, and 3,580.5% higher than its ATL of $6.88 on Mar 13, 2020.

Long-term price forecasts for GNO are generally bullish.DigitalCoinPrice 

 of $835.83 in 2027 and $1,275.52 in 2030, while CoinCodex 

 to average $319.29 in 2027 and $1,199.07 in 2030.

Gnosis' vibrant community, founded in the early years of the DApp revolution, continues to grow, with its 200,000-strong validator army offering unmatched decentralization benefits to users and developers. Much of the Gnosis protocol's success over the years can be attributed to its eloquently designed dual-token model, with xDAI as a gas token and GNO as a staking token and the primary asset for community governance.

With a vast network of validators, stability delivered by its stablecoin-for-gas model and time-tested success on the market, the Gnosis project is unlikely to fade into obscurity any time soon — to say the least!

Intermediate

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Gnosis (GNO): Bridging Web3 Tech With Mainstream Usability

Revolut has partnered with Pyth Network to contribute its trusted price data to the decentralized finance (DeFi) ecosystem, marking a significant step in bridging traditional and decentralized finance. 

The S&P 500 rose 0.16% as the bond market stabilized following a US Treasury sale. However, US stock futures dipped Thursday after the Federal Reserve highlighted increased inflation risks, potentially slowing policy easing. Coindesk Indices, an index measuring broader cryptocurrency market performance was down by 2.68%, with Bitcoin and Ether dropping by 2.63% and 2.08%, respectively in the past 24 hours.

Today's top performer is GAS, which surged 31.6% following the launch of Escape the Matrix, Neo's AI-powered blockchain game with a $30K+ prize pool.

Neo (GAS), launched in 2014, is a blockchain enabling a smart economy with digitized assets, smart contracts, and dBFT consensus, driving decentralized app development and ecosystem growth. Neo’s "

" is an AI-driven blockchain game on Neo X, offering a $30,000+ prize pool. Players solve challenges using multi-AI agent interactions, with fees contributing to the prize pool. Running from January 9-14, 2025, the first winner claims 80% of the prize, while 20% is donated to Freysa. A Neo X wallet and GAS tokens are required to play.

Check Out the Latest Prices, Charts, and Data of 

 to contribute its trusted price data to the decentralized finance (DeFi) ecosystem, marking a significant step in bridging traditional and decentralized finance. As a publisher for Pyth, Revolut will share its digital asset price data to enhance transparency and reliability in digital asset markets, benefiting both DeFi applications and Web3 capital markets. This collaboration allows Revolut to expand its crypto operations while Pyth’s oracle technology enables financial institutions to engage with the Web3 space securely. The partnership paves the way for more transparent, fair, and accessible financial markets.

Yesterday, BTC Spot ETF data showed a total flow of -$444.8 million, with GBTC at -$8.9 million and Non-GBTC at -$435.9 million.

SoSoValue, an AI-powered cryptocurrency research platform, has launched its 

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Beginner

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Revolut Partners with Pyth Network to Bridge Traditional and Decentralized Finance

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Bybit Private Wealth Management: Tailored Paths to Prosperity

Ripple is adopting the Chainlink standard to enhance the utility and access of its Ripple USD (RLUSD) stablecoin in DeFi.

Daily Top Performer —  DeepBook (DEEP)

The S&P 500 fell 1.11% as rising Treasury yields and inflation concerns hit markets, with tech and AI stocks leading the decline. Coindesk Indices, an index measuring broader cryptocurrency market performance was down by 6.05%, with Bitcoin and Ether dropping by 5.67% and 8.17%, respectively in the past 24 hours.

Today's top performer is DEEP, which surged 4.2% following the announcement of the collaboration between DeepBook and NAVI Protocol, enhancing the utility of DEEP tokens in the Sui DeFi ecosystem.

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 to enhance the utility and access of its Ripple USD (RLUSD) stablecoin in DeFi. By using Chainlink’s Price Feeds, Ripple can now provide secure and reliable pricing data for RLUSD on the Ethereum blockchain, enabling its integration into DeFi applications like trading and lending. This collaboration allows Ripple to offer high-quality offchain data to accelerate RLUSD’s adoption. Chainlink’s decentralized infrastructure ensures secure, tamper-proof, and accurate pricing, supporting RLUSD’s expansion within both institutional and decentralized markets.

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Ripple Enhances RLUSD Utility in DeFi with Chainlink Price Feeds Integration

web3

Blockchain

Bitcoin

Explainers

Recursive inscriptions are an extension of the standard Ordinal inscription technology on Bitcoin which can retrieve data from existing inscriptions.

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The pioneer of blockchain technology, Bitcoin (

 functionality. Its primary purpose, as defined by the blockchain’s mysterious founder, 

, was to facilitate secure and anonymous digital asset transfers and storage. This philosophy was thoroughly rattled in early 2023 with the introduction of the Bitcoin Ordinals protocol, which made it possible to inscribe pieces of data onto minuscule portions of a Bitcoin (called satoshis), opening up the prospect of using smart contracts on the chain.

The advent of Ordinal inscriptions paved the way for another key innovation, recursive inscriptions, which facilitate the storage of potentially vast amounts of data on the Bitcoin network. As a result, a plethora of potential use cases — such as gaming, advanced 3D animation and video, and 

 (DeFi) applications — have become feasible.

This new technology represents nothing less than a major paradigm shift, one in which crypto traders may soon engage in coin swaps on Bitcoin as easily as they do on Ethereum (

) or other smart contract chains, along with other use cases. In this article, we’ll take a closer look at recursive inscriptions — possibly the most profound innovation to Bitcoin since the day of the blockchain’s birth some 15 years ago.

If you have some Bitcoin lying around in your crypto wallet, you’re likely to be in possession of a huge number of 

 — the smallest units in a BTC coin — no matter how modest your Bitcoin holdings are. Each Bitcoin is made up of 100 million of these satoshis. In December 2022, blockchain developer Casey Rodarmor realized that each satoshi on the network could be uniquely identified by the positional number within its transaction block and the time when the block was mined.

Moreover, any form of data or content, such as images, text, videos or programming code, can be inscribed onto a satoshi and stored on the Bitcoin network. The satoshi's unique and traceable nature, coupled with the customized data inscribed onto it, yields a crypto asset that’s essentially similar to a 

In January 2023, Rodarmor launched the Ordinals protocol, which facilitates the creation of

 based on inscribing custom content onto satoshis. Ordinal inscriptions (aka Bitcoin NFTs) based on Rodarmor's protocol are pretty different from standard NFTs used on Ethereum, Solana (

) and other smart contract blockchains. Unlike these standard NFTs, Ordinal inscription–based Bitcoin NFTs don’t require smart contracts.

Moreover, Ordinal inscriptions store all of an NFT’s metadata — ownership information, mint date, edition number and other key details — as well as the actual artwork directly on the Bitcoin blockchain. In contrast, standard NFTs typically store only the token’s metadata on-chain, with the actual artwork often stored on external platforms like IPFS or Web 2.0 cloud solutions.

Recursive inscriptions use the process of retrieving existing inscriptions to form new inscriptions, which are then chained together via a complex data call mechanism. 

As noted above, Ordinal inscriptions keep all of the data, including the inscribed content, directly on the Bitcoin chain. Due to Bitcoin’s block size limit of 4 MB, that’s the maximum you can inscribe onto a satoshi when creating a Bitcoin NFT. While 4 MB sounds ample for short textual data or ordinary 2D images, it quickly becomes very limiting if you need to inscribe longer videos, rich 3D animation or large blocks of programming code.

Rodarmor addressed this limitation in June 2023 when he introduced an exciting update to his original inscription technology — recursive inscriptions. When they’re created on the network, recursive inscriptions can reference content inscribed onto existing inscriptions on the chain. Using a reference to inscriptions created earlier, recursive inscriptions allow you to utilize more content per Bitcoin NFT. By chaining multiple inscriptions this way, you can potentially include a massive amount of data.

By doing away with the 4 MB size limit, recursive inscriptions open up numerous new opportunities and use cases on Bitcoin, such as rich 3D video and animation, 

 (DApps) utilizing embedded smart contract code.

Rodarmor’s idea for recursive inscriptions stems from the long-established concept of recursivity, familiar to many programmers. In programming, recursivity refers to the ability of a piece of code — e.g., a function block — to refer to itself and draw data from previous iterations of the code. The Ordinals creator made an ingenious observation that this concept can be eloquently applied to the process of creating an inscription-based token on Bitcoin.

When a new recursive Ordinal inscription is created, it includes a call to retrieve data from an earlier inscription’s content. In this way, multiple recursive inscriptions chained one after another can allow one Bitcoin Ordinal to utilize a large amount of data.

The critical aspect in this process is that the final inscription in such a chain doesn't have to fully import the data included in the other inscriptions; that would defeat much of the purpose of the entire recursive inscription concept. Instead, it can be designed to reference earlier data and execute some programming code contained in it in a lightweight and efficient way.

Let's consider an example of a large, high-resolution image that’s well over the 4 MB limit of ordinary, non-recursive inscriptions. Instead of including the image file or portions of it, an inscription could simply contain programming code that dynamically creates the image upon being retrieved from another inscription. By calling for and chaining together snippets of code from multiple inscriptions, you can construct the image, which could be several hundreds of megabytes or even gigabytes — all while not violating the cap of 4 MB per individual inscription token/satoshi.

Naturally, such lightweight, efficient code execution opens up opportunities not only for image construction but for other use cases that involve dynamic code execution. This creates opportunities for Bitcoin-based games, DeFi apps and other types of DApps currently facilitated by smart contract code on other blockchains.

While recursive inscriptions can channel on-chain data from previous inscriptions, referencing external content outside of the blockchain — referred to as 

 in the Ordinals protocol terminology — isn’t permitted. One important reason for this is that 

 data can introduce vulnerabilities to Bitcoin’s self-contained security mechanism. A file stored somewhere on a personal network, or even on a well-known Web 2.0 cloud solution, isn’t the best candidate to be part of a platform that prides itself on its security features.

Ordinal inscriptions, and in particular, recursive inscriptions, might be described as the most profound new feature of Bitcoin since the network’s launch in 2009. The key pros of recursive inscription technology are as follows:

However, while recursive inscriptions present exciting opportunities and potential use cases, there are also drawbacks associated with this major Bitcoin innovation. Some cons and risks of recursive inscriptions are as follows:

Recursive inscriptions open up myriad new opportunities in the Bitcoin ecosystem. The blockchain, which has primarily been known as a medium for crypto asset transfers and storage, could turn into a major smart contract hub rivaling Ethereum’s — and even into a gargantuan entertainment platform with games, movies, complex 3D animation and various DApps — in order to satisfy just about anyone’s tastes.

While some Bitcoin purists and idealists are skeptical about inscription technology, pointing out that it introduces elements that have never been envisioned for the network, recursive inscriptions don’t embody a concept that will be abandoned or forgotten. The work to transform Bitcoin from a boring transaction ledger into a large DApp, gaming and entertainment giant has started — all thanks to the arrival of recursive inscriptions.

Recursive Inscriptions: Elevating Ordinals to the Next Level

Grab Up to 5,000 USDT in Rewards

Grab Up to 5,000 USDT in Rewards