Our weekly crypto derivatives analytics report delves into macro events; the current state of crypto and trading signals from spot trading volume; and futures, options and perpetual contracts.

Since hitting a local bottom on Mar 11, 2025, crypto asset prices have experienced a two-week rise, following a recovery above $87K for BTC and $2K for ETH. XRP remains stable, but BTC and ETH are still below their levels from the start of the year. SOL is also down for the year, despite reaching an all-time high (ATH) in January 2025 that coincided with the 

. While derivatives markets aren't bullish yet, they've reversed much of the bearish sentiment, although demand persists for puts on BTC and ETH.

Please check out the report’s highlights.

For most of this past week, perpetual open interest remained flat, reflecting a cautious risk-off sentiment across asset classes. This changed briefly with a partial spot recovery that allowed BTC to reach $88K (a two-week high), which led to slight increases in perp open interest and trade volume primarily driven by BTC. However, trade volumes are still significantly lower than at the start of the month when US president Donald Trump proposed a crypto strategic reserve for the big four tokens.

Negative funding rates point to bearish sentiment

Despite a week of lower realized volatility and positive performance among major crypto assets, funding rates for BTC and ETH contracts have remained mostly negative, indicating that short positions are paying long positions. This reflects a bearish sentiment not present in large-cap altcoins, whose funding rates have fluctuated between positive and negative without a clear directional trend.

Implied volatility levels have dropped by 3–5 points from last week, with 30-day options trading at their lowest level since the year's start. Realized volatility is nearing the 30% low established in late February. As is typical during periods of low volatility, options market activity has decreased, with open interest remaining low and balanced between puts and calls despite about $40M in weekly expirations.

Advanced

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Bybit X Block Scholes crypto derivatives analytics report (Mar 27, 2025): Cautious sentiment prevails despite price recovery

Learn about Mubarak (MUBARAK), the BNB Chain meme coin fueled by community hype and speculation over potential listings.

Mubarak (MUBARAK) is a community-driven meme coin on 

 that’s quickly gaining popularity, due to strategic community engagement and cultural branding targeted toward Middle Eastern investors. This guide explores Mubarak’s unique features, tokenomics, recent market performance and trading options.

Mubarak (MUBARAK) is a community-driven meme cryptocurrency built on BNB Chain. It was launched on the 

 Inspired by an Abu Dhabi company’s $2 billion investment in Binance, MUBARAK — which means “blessed” in Arabic — carries a unique appeal for Middle Eastern crypto markets. This targeted cultural approach distinguishes MUBARAK from other 

, giving it particular appeal in regions with growing crypto enthusiasm.

Shortly after the coin’s launch, its community quickly took control over it, guided prominently by the influential persona 

 on social media platform X. Users can also create Mubarak-themed avatars on the website, giving influential figures a dash of Middle-Eastern charm — from CZ and Portuguese soccer star Cristiano Ronaldo to beloved meme coin mascots 

. The meme coin quickly attracted attention, due to its engaging branding and strategic community management, amassing a total of 12,400 followers in just two weeks. 

What’s the source of MUBARAK’s popularity? 

MUBARAK stands out from typical meme coins, thanks to several major Binance-related events accelerating its market visibility. 

On Mar 12, 2025, Abu Dhabi investment company MGX made history by investing $2 billion in Binance. This represented the largest single investment in the whole of cryptocurrency history, signaling strong confidence in the industry. It was also a pivotal moment that firmly established the Middle East as a key player in the crypto space. Right after MGX’s mind-blowing investment, CZ tweeted several Mubarak-related posts, leading to the eventual birth of MUBARAK the very next day.

Binance Alpha, a dedicated platform for emerging and promising BNB Chain tokens, promptly listed MUBARAK on Mar 15, 2025, further validating the meme coin's potential. This integration enhanced MUBARAK's credibility, trust and market exposure, attracting a broader investor base beyond that of typical meme coin enthusiasts.

The second significant event that led to the greatest boost in its price and market cap took place when CZ personally bought 1 BNB worth of MUBARAK (around $600 at the time of purchase) on Mar 17, 2025. Both its listing and CZ’s purchase of the coin within a matter of two days pushed the coin to an all-time high (ATH) of $0.21 by Mar 18, 2025. While MUBARAK rapidly declined from its ATH to $0.13 just one day later, CZ’s cryptic endorsement for the coin briefly ignited more community excitement. 

On Mar 19, 2025, CZ sparked speculation in the Mubarak community by changing his X profile picture to feature himself wearing traditional Arab attire. The crypto community widely interpreted CZ’s subtle gesture as a potential endorsement or “hint” toward future Binance involvement. This led to a rapid increase in Mubarak's price (over 30%) within the same day as it reached $0.165 and briefly touched a $166 million market cap.

Mubarak’s straightforward and transparent tokenomics (below) are designed to foster investor confidence and community engagement.

Mubarak's simple token structure and availability on a reputable 

 (DEX) enhance accessibility, providing investors easy entry and liquidity options without relying solely on 

As of Mar 28, 2025, MUBARAK is priced at $0.096, reflecting a 55.3% decrease from its ATH of $0.21 on Mar 18, 2025, and a 237% increase from its all-time low (ATL) of $0.028 on Mar 16, 2025. It has a current market cap of $95 million and a 24-hour trading volume of $306 million.

MUBARAK’s price surged over 480% from the time of its launch, primarily due to strategic visibility from its Binance Alpha integration, speculative interest following CZ’s interactions and growing enthusiasm for meme coins in the crypto market. At its peak, MUBARAK achieved a market cap of approximately $166 million, reflecting significant investor confidence and demand.

Mubarak (MUBARAK) has quickly established itself as an influential meme coin in the crypto market, boosted significantly by strategic integrations like Binance Alpha, and speculative attention fueled by former Binance CEO Changpeng Zhao’s interactions. Its unique cultural branding, particularly appealing to Middle Eastern crypto circles, has further amplified its market visibility and adoption. However, investors must approach meme coins with caution due to these assets’ speculative nature, which often leads to considerable volatility and potential risks.

If you're interested in participating in MUBARAK’s growth story, you can trade 

, where you can participate in high-risk/high-reward Perpetual contract trading with up to 12.5x leverage.

Beginner

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Mubarak (MUBARAK): Arabic-themed BNB Chain meme coin

Margin Staked SOL is a Bybit product that allows you to earn SOL staking rewards and utilize leverage of up to 2x to amplify your earnings.

 can be a great way to earn yield in crypto, and 

 (SOL) is one of the most popular blockchain platforms for doing so. However, setting up and running a Solana validator node is technically complex. Additionally, financial requirements for Solana validators are high. While the official minimum stake is just 0.01 SOL (around $1.33), in reality, a typical Solana validator needs 

 staked just to break even — an investment of about $6.66 million (as of Mar 28, 2025).

Most crypto users who would like to benefit from staking rewards on Solana simply don’t have that kind of capital. And many don’t want the hassle of setting up a full validator node.

Back in September 2024, Bybit introduced 

 (LST) that lets you earn Solana staking rewards with minimal investment, and no need to manage a validator node.

bbSOL has been a major success, allowing Bybit users to earn staking rewards without technical or financial barriers. Now, Bybit is taking it a step further with Margin Staked SOL — a new Solana staking product that utilizes bbSOL and offers leveraged borrowing to amplify the rewards.

 is a Bybit leveraged liquid staking product that’s designed to help you earn Solana staking rewards with minimal hassle.

 Using it, you can invest your SOL and Bybit will allocate the funds to Solana blockchain validators, allowing you to earn staking rewards. When you stake through Margin Staked SOL, you receive bbSOL, an LST that serves as a deposit certificate and accrues staking rewards. Unlike standard bbSOL staking, Margin Staked SOL allows you to use 

For example, if you have 100 SOL and opt for 2x leverage, the total amount committed to Solana staking will be 300 SOL — your 100 SOL principal plus the borrowed 200 SOL. You’ll pay interest (which is variable and calculated hourly) on the borrowed amount.

Bybit allocates your total staking amount through 

 (CLOUD), Solana's leading liquid staking solution. Sanctum's 

 distributes staked funds across multiple validators to optimize the total yield.

The key advantage of Margin Staked SOL is its capacity to amplify staking rewards through leverage. In addition, you don't need to handle the technical complexities of running a Solana validator. The minimum investment required is just 0.5 SOL (around $70), drastically lower than the millions of dollars needed to run a profitable validator node in Solana's highly competitive staking ecosystem.

Upon committing your funds to Margin Staked SOL, you’ll receive the bbSOL LST. All staking rewards accrue in this asset, and you can redeem your investment at any time by exchanging bbSOL for your original SOL. After deducting interest on the borrowed funds, you’ll receive your SOL, along with all the accrued rewards. bbSOL accumulates rewards every time a Solana epoch is completed, typically taking 2–3 days.

As an LST, bbSOL normally allows you to keep your original SOL locked while using the liquid token across the Solana 

 (DeFi) ecosystem, and within Bybit products like On-Chain Earn, Bybit Savings and Crypto Loans. However, when bbSOL is issued via Margin Staked SOL, it must remain locked, and cannot be used in other Bybit or DeFi products. It acts solely as your deposit confirmation, and continues accruing rewards until you withdraw from Solana staking via Margin Staked SOL.

Interest on the borrowed funds within Margin Staked SOL is calculated hourly, with any duration under one hour rounded up to a full hour. The interest rate is variable, and updates every hour. You can check the current rate in your account under 

Rewards in Margin Staked SOL aren’t distributed immediately. Instead, they accumulate in your bbSOL, and can be redeemed at any time alongside your SOL principal investment. Bybit provides two redemption options for bbSOL:

If your PnL position declines beyond a certain level during staking, Bybit will send you a margin call notification via email, prompting you to either redeem your investment or contribute more SOL. If your PnL drops even further, an automatic stop-loss transaction will be triggered to redeem your funds and cover the loan and accrued interest. These measures are designed to protect you from unexpected losses.

Besides Margin Staked SOL, Bybit also offers another product for those who would like to earn yields from hassle-free decentralized staking: 

. There are three key differences between the two products: 

1) Unlike On-Chain Earn, Margin Staked SOL allows you to use leverage, amplifying your potential returns and risks. 

2) On-Chain Earn creates opportunities for staking on several blockchains, while Margin Staked SOL is a solution that’s designed exclusively for Solana staking.

3) Staked assets in On-Chain Earn can be withdrawn and utilized in their respective blockchain ecosystems, whereas the bbSOL from Margin Staked SOL is locked solely for yield generation, and cannot be used elsewhere. 

How to get started with Margin Staked SOL

Here’s how to get started with staking your SOL.

: In your account’s navigation pane, click on 

: On the left side, you’ll see the APR chart for the product, containing information on the Net APR; the trend over the past 1,7 or 30 days; and the highest and lowest Net APRs over a selected time period.

: On the right side, you can set options for your Margin Staked SOL (the leverage ratio and the SOL amount to transfer from your main account). You’ll see the amount of automatically calculated bbSOL you’ll receive, total borrowed amount and estimated daily yield.

to view a detailed breakdown of your bbSOL holdings. Then, click on either

: On the confirmation pop-up window, enter the amount of bbSOL you wish to redeem, or click on 

to redeem your full balance. Review the details, then click on

 to proceed, depending upon your earlier choice. 

to finalize your redemption on the redemption confirmation pop-up. Your redeemed SOL will be sent to your 

Until Apr 4, 2025, 10AM UTC, you can also take advantage of Bybit’s 

 campaign that’s dedicated to the Margin Staked SOL product. This campaign lets you earn up to 10 Lucky Draw tickets, each guaranteeing at least a 1 USDT 

, with a chance to win up to 100 USDT. In order to participate in the campaign, you must register for the event and complete a series of tasks as follows:

Bybit’s Margin Staked SOL allows you to earn Solana staking rewards without the hassle of setting up and running a validator node — all via your account’s easy-to-use interface. The leverage option is also a great way to multiply your rewards. Moreover, the minimum investment is minuscule, especially compared to running a Solana validator, and there are two easy redemption options — and all of these benefits without needing to interact with the underlying Solana blockchain!

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Bybit Margin Staked SOL: Unlock higher yields with less effort

Animoca Brands has partnered with Soneium, Sony’s Ethereum Layer 2 blockchain, to develop Moca Network’s identity layer and launch anime initiatives on Soneium.

The S&P 500 fell 0.33% as tariffs and inflation concerns weighed on markets, with energy, tech, and communication sectors leading losses. Gold hit a record $3,059 as Trump’s tariffs fueled trade war fears, boosting safe-haven demand. The Coindesk Indices, which tracks the broader crypto market, are down by 1.01%, with Bitcoin up by 0.55% and Ether down by 0.18% in the past 24 hours. Trade these markets and more with up to 500x leverage on Bybit MT5 using this 

Today's top performer is CARV, up 9.2%, as it expands globally and redefines data ownership.

CARV (CARV), founded in 2022, is a modular data layer empowering users to control their data, enhancing privacy for gaming and AI systems through its CARV Protocol and ecosystem platforms. 

, advancing AI, gaming, and data ownership with its SVM Chain, which ensures privacy, scalability, and interoperability between Ethereum and Solana. With listings on Tokocrypto and Mercado Bitcoin, CARV is targeting Southeast Asia and Latin America, where users can better control and monetize their data. The $CARV token powers governance, gas fees, and incentives, fostering a user-owned data economy. Strategic partnerships with Kite AI and ARPA enhance AI intelligence, verifiable randomness, and blockchain security.

Check out the latest prices, charts, and data of 

, Sony’s Ethereum Layer 2 blockchain, to develop Moca Network’s identity layer and launch anime initiatives on Soneium. Moca Network’s AIR SDK will integrate into Soneium, enabling decentralized identity (DID) and reputation features, starting with San FranTokyo’s Anime ID. This collaboration aims to onboard anime fans to blockchain-powered experiences and enhance engagement across anime, gaming, and Web3. Sony’s Soneium, developed by Sony Block Solutions Labs and Startale Group, seeks to merge creativity and technology, while Animoca Brands’ partnership strengthens the digital identity infrastructure for an interconnected Web3 ecosystem.

Yesterday, BTC spot ETFs saw $85M in inflows, all from non-GBTC funds.

, allowing users to earn Fragments through Galxe and Zealy quests, potentially qualifying for an airdrop. Participants must complete quests, connect wallets, and use a referral code. Points update weekly, and the program may be limited in duration.

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Animoca Brands and Sony’s Soneium partner to enhance digital identity and anime experiences in Web3

Trading

VWAP helps determine if a market trend is overbought or oversold. Traders can find good entries in the market with VWAP & determine if the asset has gone too far too fast to exit the market.

Do you want to unleash the full potential of a powerful trading tool that combines price and volume data to help you make informed trading decisions? Enter the world of the Volume Weighted Average Price (VWAP) indicator. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore the fascinating intricacies of this dynamic indicator, its components, calculations, and how it can be used to identify trading opportunities. Get ready to dive deep into the realm of VWAP and enhance your trading arsenal with this indispensable tool.

The Volume Weighted Average Price (VWAP) indicator provides traders with insights into the relative value of an asset based on trades placed, helping them time their entries and exits in the market. This metric is calculated during the trading day, from open to close, offering a real-time dynamic indicator for day traders, institutions, and algorithms alike.

The elements of VWAP include the mean price, amount, and duration, which together provide a comprehensive view of the price and volume action of a security during a trading session. The combination of price action and volume data in VWAP produces two crucial signals: overbought and oversold levels, plus support and resistance. Grasping these signals equips traders with the ability to seize market opportunities and curb potential losses.

, the head trader at Abel Noser, for the Ford Motor Company, the VWAP indicator calculates the average price of a security based on both its volume and price. The purpose of utilizing the VWAP in trading decisions is to:

This widely-used technical indicator is particularly useful for intraday trading, as it helps in analyzing intraday price movement.

Stock markets, futures markets, and other active trading environments throughout the day, characterized by significant trading volume and liquidity, are where the VWAP indicator proves most effective. As it calculates the average price based on both volume and price, the VWAP differs from other price-volume indicators, providing a more thorough perspective of a security’s average price during a specific time period.

The core elements of the VWAP indicator are volume, weighting, and average. To calculate the VWAP line, the average of the low price, high price, and closing price for each period is multiplied by the volume for that period. The weighting of volume in the calculation ensures that the VWAP reflects the influence of higher volume trades more precisely, providing a more accurate average price.

Volume and price, the key components of VWAP, yield insights into market trends, the behavior of institutional trading, and sections with liquidity and substantial trading activity. This information allows traders to assess the average price at which a security has traded and evaluate trade execution quality, thereby facilitating the detection of overbought or oversold conditions.

The VWAP line calculation involves a specific formula that takes into account price and volume data to create a line on the price chart. With the vwap calculated, this line is a running total of the price of each trade multiplied by the volume of that trade, divided by the total volume traded for the day. This process is known as the vwap calculation.

Day traders rely on this real-time calculation to make informed decisions rooted in the current market conditions. By continually refreshing the VWAP line during the trading day, traders can stay up-to-date with the latest market trends and make adjustments to their trading strategies accordingly.

The formula for VWAP involves multiplying the typical price by the period’s volume and dividing the running total of price-volume by the running total of volume. The typical price is calculated by taking the average of the low price, high price, and closing price for each period. The period’s volume is then used to weight the price of each trade according to the volume of that trade.

By summing up the product of the price and volume for each transaction, the running total of price-volume, also known as cumulative volume, provides a more precise stock’s average price by giving greater emphasis to trades with higher volume. This method helps to provide a clear picture of the trading activity during a given period and allows traders to make better-informed decisions based on the VWAP line.

Real-time calculation of VWAP is essential for day traders to make informed decisions based on current market conditions. The VWAP line is calculated in real-time for day trading. It is determined by taking the average of the high, low, and close prices for a given time period. This average price is then weighted by the total volume traded during that period. This calculation is carried out automatically and dynamically throughout the trading day.

Real-time VWAP calculations can be performed using a variety of tools and software, such as the VWAP Tool, TradingView, and the Rancho Dinero Range VWAP Drawing Tool. By continuously monitoring the VWAP line, traders can stay up-to-date with the market’s relative value and adjust their trading strategies to capitalize on potential opportunities.

VWAP signals help traders identify overbought and oversold levels, as well as support and resistance levels in the market. Examining the position of the price relative to the VWAP line allows traders to assess if the market is bearish or bullish. When the price is above the VWAP line, it implies a higher price in comparison to its average, indicating an uptrend. Conversely, when the price is below the VWAP line, it implies a lower price in comparison to its average, indicating a downtrend.

Comprehending these signals enables traders to make informed decisions regarding when to initiate and terminate trades, as well as pinpointing potential market reversals. Combining VWAP with other technical indicators, such as pivot points and trend lines, can further enhance trading opportunities and improve decision-making.

Identifying Overbought and Oversold Levels

If the stock price is above the VWAP line, it is considered 

, while if it is below the line, it is considered oversold. Overbought conditions occur when the price of a security is assumed to be higher than its actual value and is likely to experience corrective downward pressure in the foreseeable future.

Traders can use the VWAP indicator to recognize these overbought levels and make trading decisions accordingly. Similarly, oversold conditions occur when the price of a security is lower than its actual value, presenting a potential buying opportunity for traders. By monitoring these levels, traders can make better-informed decisions and capitalize on market opportunities.

VWAP can act as a support or resistance level, depending on the price movement relative to the indicator. When the price reacts to the VWAP line from below, it can be identified as a support level, and when it reacts from above, it can be identified as a resistance level. Additionally, traders can analyze the slope of the VWAP line to evaluate the strength of the trend.

When a primary trend line is breached, it could signify a reversal in the trend. By using VWAP in conjunction with trend lines, traders can identify potential support and resistance levels in the market and make more informed trading decisions.

Trading with VWAP involves strategies such as the retracement trade and VWAP bands and channels, which assist traders in identifying potential points of entry and exit. The retracement trade involves waiting for price retracements towards the VWAP and then entering trades in the direction of the overall trend. The VWAP bands and channels strategy involves utilizing the volume-weighted average price (VWAP) indicator to identify potential support and resistance levels.

By incorporating these strategies into their trading arsenal, traders can capitalize on market opportunities and enhance their decision-making process. Combining these strategies with other technical indicators can further increase trading accuracy and help traders make well-informed decisions.

By being patient and observing price action, traders can identify potential retracement trade opportunities and make more informed trading decisions. Combining this strategy with other technical indicators, such as pivot points and trend lines, can further enhance trading opportunities and improve decision-making.

VWAP bands and channels involve using the upper and lower bands of the VWAP line to identify buy signals when the price rebounds back inside the channel. When the price is above the upper band, it indicates an overbought condition, while when the price is below the lower band, it implies an oversold condition.

By monitoring these bands and channels, traders can identify potential trading opportunities and make better-informed decisions about when to enter and exit trades. Combining the VWAP bands and channels strategy with other technical indicators, such as pivot points and trend lines, can further enhance trading accuracy and help traders make well-informed decisions.

Combining VWAP with Other Technical Indicators

The integration of VWAP with other technical indicators like pivot points and trend lines can augment trading opportunities and refine decision-making processes. Pivot points can signal potential reversal points in the market, especially when combined with VWAP for long entries. Trend lines can help determine trend direction over multiple days and identify areas where the price may reverse, particularly when the price is below the VWAP indicator.

By utilizing multiple technical indicators in conjunction with the VWAP, traders can gain a more comprehensive understanding of market dynamics and make more informed decisions about when to enter and exit trades. This holistic approach to trading can help traders capitalize on market opportunities and minimize potential losses.

Pivot points can signal potential reversal points in the market, particularly when combined with VWAP for long entries. These technical indicators ascertain support and resistance levels through price movement, while VWAP provides an insight into the average price paid for a security based on both price and volume.

By utilizing both indicators simultaneously, traders can acquire a more thorough comprehension of market dynamics and make more informed trading decisions. Combining VWAP with pivot points can enhance trading opportunities and help traders identify potential reversal points in the market, thereby improving their overall trading performance.

Trend lines help determine the upward or downward trend direction over multiple days and identify areas where price may reverse, particularly when the price is below the VWAP indicator. By connecting two or more price points on a chart, trend lines can indicate the direction of the price trend and provide support and resistance levels.

When used in conjunction with the VWAP indicator, trend lines can provide valuable insights into the strength of the trend and potential reversal points. By combining these two technical indicators, traders can make better-informed decisions about when to enter and exit trades, as well as identify potential market reversals.

 and adaptability to market conditions, facilitating capitalization on opportunities and minimizing losses. Here are some strategies to consider:

Adapting to market conditions entails awareness of factors like weak volume or market noise that could impact the reliability of VWAP signals. Monitoring these factors and adapting trading strategies accordingly can help traders make the most informed decisions possible, leading to enhanced success in VWAP trading.

Managing risk involves setting stop-loss orders and position sizing to protect capital and maximize potential gains. Stop-loss orders enable traders to establish a definite price at which their position will be automatically closed, thereby preventing any further losses beyond a predetermined point. By using stop-loss orders, traders can safeguard their investments and manage risk proficiently.

Position sizing involves determining the appropriate size of a trade based on the average price, volume, and total capital allocated to the trade. By calculating the VWAP and establishing 

 parameters based on the level of risk one is willing to accept, traders can effectively manage their trading positions and minimize potential losses.

Adapting to market conditions entails awareness of factors like weak volume or market noise that could impact the reliability of VWAP signals. By monitoring these factors and adjusting their trading strategies accordingly, traders can ensure that they are making the most informed decisions possible.

Traders can also adjust to fluctuating market conditions by utilizing the VWAP indicator as an instrument to assess trade quality and guarantee they are obtaining the most advantageous price. By prioritizing capital preservation, traders can ensure financial security and diminish emotional distress in their trading activities.

The VWAP indicator is a powerful tool that combines price and volume data to help traders make informed trading decisions. By understanding the components, calculations, and signals of the VWAP indicator, traders can enhance their trading strategies and capitalize on market opportunities. Combining VWAP with other technical indicators, such as pivot points and trend lines, can further improve decision-making and lead to greater success in trading. With proper risk management and adaptation to market conditions, traders can harness the full potential of the VWAP indicator and achieve their trading goals.

VWAP is used by traders as a trend confirmation tool to build trading rules around. For instance, they may consider stocks with prices below VWAP as undervalued and those with prices above it, overvalued. A stock trading above the VWAP as the line rises indicates an uptrend while prices below VWAP moving above it may indicate a good time to go long on the stock.

VWAP is a widely used indicator for day trading and is generally considered reliable due to its calculation of the average price weighted by volume. However, it is important to note that it is a lagging indicator and may not accurately reflect sudden price changes. Additionally, it may be less reliable during pre-market or after-hours trading when volume is low.

Using MACD and VWAP in trading involves setting up three indicators - the MACD, VWAP and a volume chart - and waiting for four confirmations before entering a trade. Specifically, this involves price closing above the VWAP and at the same time the MACD line crossing the signal line from below.

VWAP can be gamed and does not account for delayed costs and missed trade opportunities. Additionally, it is a lagging indicator that only reflects past data and cannot predict future price movements. Furthermore, attempting to calculate an average VWAP over multiple days can lead to inaccuracies and distortions.

The VWAP indicator displays the volume-weighted average market price of a stock and can be used to compare current prices with the benchmark. It helps investors decide when to enter or exit the market by providing insight into the daily price fluctuations and how it relates to total trade volume.

What is VWAP Indicator? How to Use It?

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